Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism

Oliveira, Cristian de; Garcia, Ítalo Carballo; Mondo, Tiago Savi; Souza, Solano de; Sthapit, Erose; Garrod, Brian

doi:10.1177/14673584251407212

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Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism

Cristian de Oliveira Borges, Ítalo Carballo Garcia, Tiago Savi Mondo, Solano de Souza Braga, Erose Sthapit

, Brian Garrod

Tourism and Hospitality Research

Swansea University Author: Brian Garrod

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DOI (Published version): 10.1177/14673584251407212

Abstract

The present study analyses user-generated content from Tripadvisor to identify critical factors influencing LGBT+ tourists’ sense of security. A total of 34,658 relevant online reviews were collected in September 2024 through the Outscraper platform. The ROBERTA language model was then used to categ...

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Published in:	Tourism and Hospitality Research
ISSN:	1467-3584 1742-9692
Published:	SAGE Publications 2025
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71025

first_indexed	2025-11-29T15:48:43Z
last_indexed	2026-01-09T05:31:51Z
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spelling	2026-01-08T16:50:40.6013654 v2 71025 2025-11-29 Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism 4f81981d78ed3082b232463da24d1bb9 0000-0002-5468-6816 Brian Garrod Brian Garrod true false 2025-11-29 CBAE The present study analyses user-generated content from Tripadvisor to identify critical factors influencing LGBT+ tourists’ sense of security. A total of 34,658 relevant online reviews were collected in September 2024 through the Outscraper platform. The ROBERTA language model was then used to categorise the reviews into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments and examine keywords. Security emerged as a key factor in LGBT+ tourists’ satisfaction, which was primarily influenced by quality of service and accommodation infrastructure. Terms such as “friendly” and “welcoming” were frequently found in positive reviews, whereas words like “fear,” “risk” and “discrimination” appeared in negative ones. The paper concludes that, in contrast to common assumptions, LGBT+ tourists’ sense of security is not a static attribute but rather a negotiated outcome of the complex interaction of symbols and social signals. Journal Article Tourism and Hospitality Research 0 SAGE Publications 1467-3584 1742-9692 LGBT+, perceived safety, security, user-generated content, sentiments, online reviews 2 12 2025 2025-12-02 10.1177/14673584251407212 COLLEGE NANME Management School COLLEGE CODE CBAE Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. 2026-01-08T16:50:40.6013654 2025-11-29T15:44:56.9252069 Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences School of Management - Business Management Cristian de Oliveira Borges 1 Ítalo Carballo Garcia 2 Tiago Savi Mondo 3 Solano de Souza Braga 4 Erose Sthapit 0000-0002-1650-3900 5 Brian Garrod 0000-0002-5468-6816 6 71025__35936__620ac9764345410ebdac3571616e1220.pdf 71025.VoR.pdf 2026-01-08T16:48:37.7318871 Output 1164884 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2025. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism
spellingShingle	Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism Brian Garrod
title_short	Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism
title_full	Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism
title_fullStr	Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism
title_full_unstemmed	Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism
title_sort	Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism
author_id_str_mv	4f81981d78ed3082b232463da24d1bb9
author_id_fullname_str_mv	4f81981d78ed3082b232463da24d1bb9_***_Brian Garrod
author	Brian Garrod
author2	Cristian de Oliveira Borges Ítalo Carballo Garcia Tiago Savi Mondo Solano de Souza Braga Erose Sthapit Brian Garrod
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container_title	Tourism and Hospitality Research
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publishDate	2025
institution	Swansea University
issn	1467-3584 1742-9692
doi_str_mv	10.1177/14673584251407212
publisher	SAGE Publications
college_str	Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
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hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences
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department_str	School of Management - Business Management{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Management - Business Management
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description	The present study analyses user-generated content from Tripadvisor to identify critical factors influencing LGBT+ tourists’ sense of security. A total of 34,658 relevant online reviews were collected in September 2024 through the Outscraper platform. The ROBERTA language model was then used to categorise the reviews into positive, negative, or neutral sentiments and examine keywords. Security emerged as a key factor in LGBT+ tourists’ satisfaction, which was primarily influenced by quality of service and accommodation infrastructure. Terms such as “friendly” and “welcoming” were frequently found in positive reviews, whereas words like “fear,” “risk” and “discrimination” appeared in negative ones. The paper concludes that, in contrast to common assumptions, LGBT+ tourists’ sense of security is not a static attribute but rather a negotiated outcome of the complex interaction of symbols and social signals.
published_date	2025-12-02T05:34:14Z
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Sense of security in LGBT+ tourism

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