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Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation

Diarmid Roberts, Jenny Baker Orcid Logo, Justin Searle Orcid Logo, Tom Griffiths, Richard Lewis, Solomon Brown

Journal of Energy Storage, Volume: 81, Start page: 110280

Swansea University Authors: Jenny Baker Orcid Logo, Justin Searle Orcid Logo, Tom Griffiths, Richard Lewis

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.est.2023.110280

Abstract

To help solve the energy trilemma, energy storage technologies must demonstrate low cost and high efficiency to avoid inflating the cost of renewable power. Hybrid redox-flow batteries are a promising multi-hour storage technology, as they use low cost chemicals in an easily recyclable format. Howev...

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Published in: Journal of Energy Storage
ISSN: 2352-152X
Published: Elsevier BV 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65212
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Hybrid redox-flow batteries are a promising multi-hour storage technology, as they use low cost chemicals in an easily recyclable format. However, they suffer from low efficiency at low power output, and require periodic maintenance downtime to remove metal from the anode. Here, we show that a modular system can overcome these challenges with appropriate control. A novel optimisation model for modular operation with periodic maintenance is parametrised from a commercial zinc‑bromine hybrid RFB. Independent module control was predicted to improve operational efficiency, with six modules achieving 73 % compared to the peak efficiency of 80 %. A non-obvious schedule for maintenance was determined algebraically, where energy is transferred from a module due maintenance to one that is fresh. It is found that staggering the strip cycles across several days and performing them when PV and load are roughly in balance in the morning is the optimal timing. The findings are significant as they show that maintenance does not preclude hybrid RFB from firm power provision, and that high efficiency is possible during operation through modular control.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Journal of Energy Storage</journal><volume>81</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>110280</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>2352-152X</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Hybrid redox flow battery; Zinc bromine; Modular; Maintenance scheduling; Firm PV; Self-sufficiency</keywords><publishedDay>15</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-03-15</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.est.2023.110280</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Mechanical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MECH</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>his work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre (EP/N020863/1), and the CDT for Energy Storage and its Applications (EP/L016818/1). 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spelling v2 65212 2023-12-04 Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation 6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460 0000-0003-3530-1957 Jenny Baker Jenny Baker true false 0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0 0000-0003-1101-075X Justin Searle Justin Searle true false 916d20a97379a86b2614ad4cbc2fe9e6 Tom Griffiths Tom Griffiths true false 6b3559a0b9ac5d4048d50c09d0a5b42e Richard Lewis Richard Lewis true false 2023-12-04 MECH To help solve the energy trilemma, energy storage technologies must demonstrate low cost and high efficiency to avoid inflating the cost of renewable power. Hybrid redox-flow batteries are a promising multi-hour storage technology, as they use low cost chemicals in an easily recyclable format. However, they suffer from low efficiency at low power output, and require periodic maintenance downtime to remove metal from the anode. Here, we show that a modular system can overcome these challenges with appropriate control. A novel optimisation model for modular operation with periodic maintenance is parametrised from a commercial zinc‑bromine hybrid RFB. Independent module control was predicted to improve operational efficiency, with six modules achieving 73 % compared to the peak efficiency of 80 %. A non-obvious schedule for maintenance was determined algebraically, where energy is transferred from a module due maintenance to one that is fresh. It is found that staggering the strip cycles across several days and performing them when PV and load are roughly in balance in the morning is the optimal timing. The findings are significant as they show that maintenance does not preclude hybrid RFB from firm power provision, and that high efficiency is possible during operation through modular control. Journal Article Journal of Energy Storage 81 110280 Elsevier BV 2352-152X Hybrid redox flow battery; Zinc bromine; Modular; Maintenance scheduling; Firm PV; Self-sufficiency 15 3 2024 2024-03-15 10.1016/j.est.2023.110280 COLLEGE NANME Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MECH Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee his work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre (EP/N020863/1), and the CDT for Energy Storage and its Applications (EP/L016818/1). Dr. Jenny Baker was also funded through ECR Fellowship NoRESt (EP/S03711X/1). The work at Sheffield was also supported by Drax Group. The funding sources were not involved in decisions relating to the execution and publication of this work. 2024-04-09T16:00:49.0766394 2023-12-04T14:29:09.8823348 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Diarmid Roberts 1 Jenny Baker 0000-0003-3530-1957 2 Justin Searle 0000-0003-1101-075X 3 Tom Griffiths 4 Richard Lewis 5 Solomon Brown 6 65212__29964__2b1692146f794a2eb4df2c097e4f8a4e.pdf 65212.VOR.pdf 2024-04-09T15:58:27.8212336 Output 1906278 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation
spellingShingle Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation
Jenny Baker
Justin Searle
Tom Griffiths
Richard Lewis
title_short Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation
title_full Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation
title_fullStr Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation
title_full_unstemmed Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation
title_sort Overcoming the performance limitations of hybrid redox flow batteries with modular operation
author_id_str_mv 6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460
0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0
916d20a97379a86b2614ad4cbc2fe9e6
6b3559a0b9ac5d4048d50c09d0a5b42e
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460_***_Jenny Baker
0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0_***_Justin Searle
916d20a97379a86b2614ad4cbc2fe9e6_***_Tom Griffiths
6b3559a0b9ac5d4048d50c09d0a5b42e_***_Richard Lewis
author Jenny Baker
Justin Searle
Tom Griffiths
Richard Lewis
author2 Diarmid Roberts
Jenny Baker
Justin Searle
Tom Griffiths
Richard Lewis
Solomon Brown
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Energy Storage
container_volume 81
container_start_page 110280
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2352-152X
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.est.2023.110280
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description To help solve the energy trilemma, energy storage technologies must demonstrate low cost and high efficiency to avoid inflating the cost of renewable power. Hybrid redox-flow batteries are a promising multi-hour storage technology, as they use low cost chemicals in an easily recyclable format. However, they suffer from low efficiency at low power output, and require periodic maintenance downtime to remove metal from the anode. Here, we show that a modular system can overcome these challenges with appropriate control. A novel optimisation model for modular operation with periodic maintenance is parametrised from a commercial zinc‑bromine hybrid RFB. Independent module control was predicted to improve operational efficiency, with six modules achieving 73 % compared to the peak efficiency of 80 %. A non-obvious schedule for maintenance was determined algebraically, where energy is transferred from a module due maintenance to one that is fresh. It is found that staggering the strip cycles across several days and performing them when PV and load are roughly in balance in the morning is the optimal timing. The findings are significant as they show that maintenance does not preclude hybrid RFB from firm power provision, and that high efficiency is possible during operation through modular control.
published_date 2024-03-15T16:00:45Z
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score 11.037603

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