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A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line

Stuart Cairns Orcid Logo, David Penney Orcid Logo, Sam Reis, Anthony Lewis, James Sullivan Orcid Logo, Oliver Newton-Coombs, Clive Challinor Orcid Logo, Peter Holliman Orcid Logo

Results in Engineering, Volume: 30, Start page: 110447

Swansea University Authors: Stuart Cairns Orcid Logo, David Penney Orcid Logo, Sam Reis, Anthony Lewis, James Sullivan Orcid Logo, Peter Holliman Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.110447

Abstract

Operando style, non-contact infrared thermography has been used to study the change in surface metal temperature between the zinc bath compared to just above the gas jet knives at an industrial, continuous galvanising line (CGL). Measuring photons in the wavelength range 7–12 μm at 30 frames per sec...

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Published in: Results in Engineering
ISSN: 2590-1230
Published: Elsevier BV 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71724
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Measuring photons in the wavelength range 7–12 μm at 30 frames per second (fps), the change in photon count was 4608. Using an emissivity of 0.069, corresponding to zinc, this correlates to a minimum temperature drop of 14 °C. Using higher emissivities, linked with oxidized surfaces, suggests an even higher temperature drop (up to 19 °C). These data are key in understanding the influence of coating weight processing parameters on continuously galvanised sheet steel with implications for surface finish, microstructural morphology and resultant corrosion resistance of the material. 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spelling v2 71724 2026-04-09 A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line 3dd30d7102f5527fa2461e8930f9e40a 0000-0002-8417-0239 Stuart Cairns Stuart Cairns true false 869becc35438853f2bca0044df467631 0000-0002-8942-8067 David Penney David Penney true false 65b5a309632b2c0ba1ed2099ea2e8242 Sam Reis Sam Reis true false 328c21711ee3091505363e2b5060fba0 Anthony Lewis Anthony Lewis true false 40e32d66748ab74184a31207ab145708 0000-0003-1018-773X James Sullivan James Sullivan true false c8f52394d776279c9c690dc26066ddf9 0000-0002-9911-8513 Peter Holliman Peter Holliman true false 2026-04-09 BGPS Operando style, non-contact infrared thermography has been used to study the change in surface metal temperature between the zinc bath compared to just above the gas jet knives at an industrial, continuous galvanising line (CGL). Measuring photons in the wavelength range 7–12 μm at 30 frames per second (fps), the change in photon count was 4608. Using an emissivity of 0.069, corresponding to zinc, this correlates to a minimum temperature drop of 14 °C. Using higher emissivities, linked with oxidized surfaces, suggests an even higher temperature drop (up to 19 °C). These data are key in understanding the influence of coating weight processing parameters on continuously galvanised sheet steel with implications for surface finish, microstructural morphology and resultant corrosion resistance of the material. The infrared data is validated using static measurements of molten zinc and zinc dross between 430 °C and 470 °C in a hot dip galvaniser simulation pot containing 40 kg of molten GI (Zn 0.2 wt. %Al). Journal Article Results in Engineering 30 110447 Elsevier BV 2590-1230 Thermography; Continuous galvanising line; Gas wiping; Emissivity; Galvanised coating 1 6 2026 2026-06-01 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.110447 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) We gratefully thank EPSRC and Tata Steel for cosponsoring an iCASE PhD studentship (Voucher no 20000176) for SR, EPSRC for funding the Sustain Hub (EP/S018107/1) for PJH and AL. The FLIR thermal camera was funded through WEFO funding for IMPACT (Green Recovery). 2026-05-08T09:54:42.1550457 2026-04-09T15:10:41.6662752 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Stuart Cairns 0000-0002-8417-0239 1 David Penney 0000-0002-8942-8067 2 Sam Reis 3 Anthony Lewis 4 James Sullivan 0000-0003-1018-773X 5 Oliver Newton-Coombs 6 Clive Challinor 0009-0000-9873-2557 7 Peter Holliman 0000-0002-9911-8513 8 71724__36679__eddaad52a2e64e98a47346cbb88a0740.pdf 71724.VOR.pdf 2026-05-08T09:51:39.2695893 Output 9142076 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2026 The Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line
spellingShingle A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line
Stuart Cairns
David Penney
Sam Reis
Anthony Lewis
James Sullivan
Peter Holliman
title_short A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line
title_full A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line
title_fullStr A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line
title_full_unstemmed A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line
title_sort A non-contact method for measuring temperature changes due to gas wiping of Zn alloy coatings produced on a continuous galvanising line
author_id_str_mv 3dd30d7102f5527fa2461e8930f9e40a
869becc35438853f2bca0044df467631
65b5a309632b2c0ba1ed2099ea2e8242
328c21711ee3091505363e2b5060fba0
40e32d66748ab74184a31207ab145708
c8f52394d776279c9c690dc26066ddf9
author_id_fullname_str_mv 3dd30d7102f5527fa2461e8930f9e40a_***_Stuart Cairns
869becc35438853f2bca0044df467631_***_David Penney
65b5a309632b2c0ba1ed2099ea2e8242_***_Sam Reis
328c21711ee3091505363e2b5060fba0_***_Anthony Lewis
40e32d66748ab74184a31207ab145708_***_James Sullivan
c8f52394d776279c9c690dc26066ddf9_***_Peter Holliman
author Stuart Cairns
David Penney
Sam Reis
Anthony Lewis
James Sullivan
Peter Holliman
author2 Stuart Cairns
David Penney
Sam Reis
Anthony Lewis
James Sullivan
Oliver Newton-Coombs
Clive Challinor
Peter Holliman
format Journal article
container_title Results in Engineering
container_volume 30
container_start_page 110447
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 2590-1230
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.rineng.2026.110447
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Operando style, non-contact infrared thermography has been used to study the change in surface metal temperature between the zinc bath compared to just above the gas jet knives at an industrial, continuous galvanising line (CGL). Measuring photons in the wavelength range 7–12 μm at 30 frames per second (fps), the change in photon count was 4608. Using an emissivity of 0.069, corresponding to zinc, this correlates to a minimum temperature drop of 14 °C. Using higher emissivities, linked with oxidized surfaces, suggests an even higher temperature drop (up to 19 °C). These data are key in understanding the influence of coating weight processing parameters on continuously galvanised sheet steel with implications for surface finish, microstructural morphology and resultant corrosion resistance of the material. The infrared data is validated using static measurements of molten zinc and zinc dross between 430 °C and 470 °C in a hot dip galvaniser simulation pot containing 40 kg of molten GI (Zn 0.2 wt. %Al).
published_date 2026-06-01T09:54:43Z
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score 10.699145

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