Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide

Worsley, Carys; Dunlop, Tom; Potts, Sarah-Jane; Bolton, R.; Jewell, Eifion; Watson, Trystan

doi:10.1039/d4tc01157k

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Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide

Carys Worsley, Tom Dunlop

, Sarah-Jane Potts

, R. Bolton, Eifion Jewell

, Trystan Watson

Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Volume: 12, Issue: 25, Pages: 9401 - 9411

Swansea University Authors: Carys Worsley, Tom Dunlop , Sarah-Jane Potts , Eifion Jewell , Trystan Watson

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DOI (Published version): 10.1039/d4tc01157k

Abstract

Printed mesoscopic carbon perovskite solar cells (CPSCs) represent a potential frontrunner to perovskite commercialisation due to their inherent stability and easily scaled fabrication methods. Devices consist of three screen printed mesoporous layers of TiO2, ZrO2 and carbon, which are subsequently...

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Published in:	Journal of Materials Chemistry C
ISSN:	2050-7526 2050-7534
Published:	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 2024
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66928
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Devices consist of three screen printed mesoporous layers of TiO2, ZrO2 and carbon, which are subsequently infiltrated with perovskite. It is well established that complete infiltration, or filling, of the base TiO2 layer is key to achieving peak performance and reproducibility in both lab-scale devices and modules. A thorough understanding of the factors influencing infiltration is therefore essential for both lab-scale research and scale-up. TiO2 infiltration is easily examined by optical microscopy through the glass substrate. This work identifies common characteristic infiltration defects at multiple scales, caused by specific issues in the manufacturing process such as mesh marking, printing issues, contaminant damage and environmental fluctuations. Likely causes and potential solutions are presented for each type of defect, to produce a troubleshooting reference resource for tackling this problem at multiple scales. 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spelling	v2 66928 2024-07-03 Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide e74e27838a54d9df1fe7c5ee2cb8a126 Carys Worsley Carys Worsley true false 809395460ab1e6b53a906b136d919c41 0000-0002-5851-8713 Tom Dunlop Tom Dunlop true false 8c536622ba65fa1e04912d0e2ede88f7 0000-0003-0208-2364 Sarah-Jane Potts Sarah-Jane Potts true false 13dc152c178d51abfe0634445b0acf07 0000-0002-6894-2251 Eifion Jewell Eifion Jewell true false a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457 0000-0002-8015-1436 Trystan Watson Trystan Watson true false 2024-07-03 EAAS Printed mesoscopic carbon perovskite solar cells (CPSCs) represent a potential frontrunner to perovskite commercialisation due to their inherent stability and easily scaled fabrication methods. Devices consist of three screen printed mesoporous layers of TiO2, ZrO2 and carbon, which are subsequently infiltrated with perovskite. It is well established that complete infiltration, or filling, of the base TiO2 layer is key to achieving peak performance and reproducibility in both lab-scale devices and modules. A thorough understanding of the factors influencing infiltration is therefore essential for both lab-scale research and scale-up. TiO2 infiltration is easily examined by optical microscopy through the glass substrate. This work identifies common characteristic infiltration defects at multiple scales, caused by specific issues in the manufacturing process such as mesh marking, printing issues, contaminant damage and environmental fluctuations. Likely causes and potential solutions are presented for each type of defect, to produce a troubleshooting reference resource for tackling this problem at multiple scales. This should help enhance lab-scale reproducibility providing a simple method for quality control in future large-scale ventures. Journal Article Journal of Materials Chemistry C 12 25 9401 9411 Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) 2050-7526 2050-7534 24 5 2024 2024-05-24 10.1039/d4tc01157k COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work was made possible by support from the Royal Society International Collaboration award (ICA\R1\191321) and the Newton Fund Impact Scheme (541128962). Additional support was received via the EPSRC Programme Grant ATIP (Application Targeted and Integrated Photovoltaics) (EP/T028513/1), Innovate UK(920036) andthe Prosperity Partnership (EP/X025217/1). Use and maintenance of the Zeiss Axio Observer was supported by the Advanced Imaging of Materials (AIM) core facility (EPSRC Grant No. EP/M028267/1), by the European Social Fund (ESF) through the European Union Convergence program administered by Welsh Government (80708), and a Welsh Government Enhanced Competitiveness Infrastructure Award. 2024-07-25T12:00:23.2878156 2024-07-03T10:16:48.2914991 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Carys Worsley 1 Tom Dunlop 0000-0002-5851-8713 2 Sarah-Jane Potts 0000-0003-0208-2364 3 R. Bolton 4 Eifion Jewell 0000-0002-6894-2251 5 Trystan Watson 0000-0002-8015-1436 6 66928__30799__3df30141b3a042559bb1b10e7d32617e.pdf 66928.VoR.pdf 2024-07-03T10:21:04.0795600 Output 5549474 application/pdf Version of Record true Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0 (CC-BY) true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
title	Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide
spellingShingle	Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide Carys Worsley Tom Dunlop Sarah-Jane Potts Eifion Jewell Trystan Watson
title_short	Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide
title_full	Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide
title_fullStr	Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide
title_full_unstemmed	Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide
title_sort	Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide
author_id_str_mv	e74e27838a54d9df1fe7c5ee2cb8a126 809395460ab1e6b53a906b136d919c41 8c536622ba65fa1e04912d0e2ede88f7 13dc152c178d51abfe0634445b0acf07 a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457
author_id_fullname_str_mv	e74e27838a54d9df1fe7c5ee2cb8a126_*_Carys Worsley 809395460ab1e6b53a906b136d919c41__Tom Dunlop 8c536622ba65fa1e04912d0e2ede88f7__Sarah-Jane Potts 13dc152c178d51abfe0634445b0acf07__Eifion Jewell a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457_**_Trystan Watson
author	Carys Worsley Tom Dunlop Sarah-Jane Potts Eifion Jewell Trystan Watson
author2	Carys Worsley Tom Dunlop Sarah-Jane Potts R. Bolton Eifion Jewell Trystan Watson
format	Journal article
container_title	Journal of Materials Chemistry C
container_volume	12
container_issue	25
container_start_page	9401
publishDate	2024
institution	Swansea University
issn	2050-7526 2050-7534
doi_str_mv	10.1039/d4tc01157k
publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str	School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str	1
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description	Printed mesoscopic carbon perovskite solar cells (CPSCs) represent a potential frontrunner to perovskite commercialisation due to their inherent stability and easily scaled fabrication methods. Devices consist of three screen printed mesoporous layers of TiO2, ZrO2 and carbon, which are subsequently infiltrated with perovskite. It is well established that complete infiltration, or filling, of the base TiO2 layer is key to achieving peak performance and reproducibility in both lab-scale devices and modules. A thorough understanding of the factors influencing infiltration is therefore essential for both lab-scale research and scale-up. TiO2 infiltration is easily examined by optical microscopy through the glass substrate. This work identifies common characteristic infiltration defects at multiple scales, caused by specific issues in the manufacturing process such as mesh marking, printing issues, contaminant damage and environmental fluctuations. Likely causes and potential solutions are presented for each type of defect, to produce a troubleshooting reference resource for tackling this problem at multiple scales. This should help enhance lab-scale reproducibility providing a simple method for quality control in future large-scale ventures.
published_date	2024-05-24T12:00:22Z
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Infiltration issues in printed mesoporous carbon perovskite solar cells: a troubleshooting guide

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