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Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers

Xingrui Cheng Orcid Logo, Nils Kolja Wessling Orcid Logo, Saptarsi Ghosh Orcid Logo, Andrew R. Kirkpatrick, Menno J. Kappers, Yashna N. D. Lekhai, Gavin W. Morley, Rachel A. Oliver Orcid Logo, Jason M. Smith, Martin D. Dawson, Patrick S. Salter, Michael J. Strain Orcid Logo

ACS Photonics, Volume: 10, Issue: 9, Pages: 3374 - 3383

Swansea University Author: Saptarsi Ghosh Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00854

Abstract

Effective light extraction from optically active solid-state spin centers inside high-index semiconductor host crystals is an important factor in integrating these pseudo-atomic centers in wider quantum systems. Here, we report increased fluorescent light collection efficiency from laser-written nit...

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Published in: ACS Photonics
ISSN: 2330-4022 2330-4022
Published: American Chemical Society (ACS) 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66868
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spelling 2024-08-15T11:53:30.1888894 v2 66868 2024-06-23 Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers 3e247ecabd6eddd319264d066b0ce959 0000-0003-1685-6228 Saptarsi Ghosh Saptarsi Ghosh true false 2024-06-23 ACEM Effective light extraction from optically active solid-state spin centers inside high-index semiconductor host crystals is an important factor in integrating these pseudo-atomic centers in wider quantum systems. Here, we report increased fluorescent light collection efficiency from laser-written nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in bulk diamond facilitated by micro-transfer printed GaN solid immersion lenses. Both laser-writing of NV centers and transfer printing of micro-lens structures are compatible with high spatial resolution, enabling deterministic fabrication routes toward future scalable systems development. The micro-lenses are integrated in a noninvasive manner, as they are added on top of the unstructured diamond surface and bonded by van der Waals forces. For emitters at 5 μm depth, we find approximately 2× improvement of fluorescent light collection using an air objective with a numerical aperture of NA = 0.95 in good agreement with simulations. Similarly, the solid immersion lenses strongly enhance light collection when using an objective with NA = 0.5, significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the NV center emission while maintaining the NV’s quantum properties after integration. Journal Article ACS Photonics 10 9 3374 3383 American Chemical Society (ACS) 2330-4022 2330-4022 diamond, nitrogen vacancy, additive GaN micro-optics, transfer printing, quantum systems 30 8 2023 2023-08-30 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00854 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University The authors acknowledge funding from the following sources:Royal Academy of Engineering (Research Chairs and SeniorResearch Fellowships); Engineering and Physical SciencesResearch Council (EP/R03480X/1, EP/N017927/1, EP/P00945X/1, R004803/1, EP/M013243/1, EP/T001062/1,EP/V056778/1, EP/L015315/1); Innovate UK (50414);Fraunhofer Lighthouse Project QMag. NKW acknowledgesfunding of his PhD studentship by Fraunhofer UK. G. W. M issupported by the Royal Society. 2024-08-15T11:53:30.1888894 2024-06-23T19:52:13.8698088 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering Xingrui Cheng 0000-0002-0699-2317 1 Nils Kolja Wessling 0000-0002-6182-3567 2 Saptarsi Ghosh 0000-0003-1685-6228 3 Andrew R. Kirkpatrick 4 Menno J. Kappers 5 Yashna N. D. Lekhai 6 Gavin W. Morley 7 Rachel A. Oliver 0000-0003-0029-3993 8 Jason M. Smith 9 Martin D. Dawson 10 Patrick S. Salter 11 Michael J. Strain 0000-0002-9752-3144 12 66868__31123__289b9f5706664b39b047c4461052ca4e.pdf 66868.VoR.pdf 2024-08-15T11:51:31.7194516 Output 9398909 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2023 The Authors. This article is licensed under CC-BY 4.0. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers
spellingShingle Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers
Saptarsi Ghosh
title_short Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers
title_full Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers
title_fullStr Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers
title_full_unstemmed Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers
title_sort Additive GaN Solid Immersion Lenses for Enhanced Photon Extraction Efficiency from Diamond Color Centers
author_id_str_mv 3e247ecabd6eddd319264d066b0ce959
author_id_fullname_str_mv 3e247ecabd6eddd319264d066b0ce959_***_Saptarsi Ghosh
author Saptarsi Ghosh
author2 Xingrui Cheng
Nils Kolja Wessling
Saptarsi Ghosh
Andrew R. Kirkpatrick
Menno J. Kappers
Yashna N. D. Lekhai
Gavin W. Morley
Rachel A. Oliver
Jason M. Smith
Martin D. Dawson
Patrick S. Salter
Michael J. Strain
format Journal article
container_title ACS Photonics
container_volume 10
container_issue 9
container_start_page 3374
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 2330-4022
2330-4022
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c00854
publisher American Chemical Society (ACS)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Effective light extraction from optically active solid-state spin centers inside high-index semiconductor host crystals is an important factor in integrating these pseudo-atomic centers in wider quantum systems. Here, we report increased fluorescent light collection efficiency from laser-written nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in bulk diamond facilitated by micro-transfer printed GaN solid immersion lenses. Both laser-writing of NV centers and transfer printing of micro-lens structures are compatible with high spatial resolution, enabling deterministic fabrication routes toward future scalable systems development. The micro-lenses are integrated in a noninvasive manner, as they are added on top of the unstructured diamond surface and bonded by van der Waals forces. For emitters at 5 μm depth, we find approximately 2× improvement of fluorescent light collection using an air objective with a numerical aperture of NA = 0.95 in good agreement with simulations. Similarly, the solid immersion lenses strongly enhance light collection when using an objective with NA = 0.5, significantly improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the NV center emission while maintaining the NV’s quantum properties after integration.
published_date 2023-08-30T08:26:13Z
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score 11.263136

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