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Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts

Sarah Aldridge, Utkarsh Agrawal, Siobhán Murphy, Tristan Millington, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Fatima Almaghrabi, Sneha N. Anand, Stuart Bedston, Rosalind Goudie, Rowena Griffiths, Mark Joy, Emily Lowthian Orcid Logo, Simon de Lusignan Orcid Logo, Lynsey Patterson, Chris Robertson Orcid Logo, Igor Rudan, Declan T. Bradley Orcid Logo, Ronan Lyons Orcid Logo, Aziz Sheikh, Rhiannon Owen Orcid Logo

Nature Communications, Volume: 15, Issue: 1

Swansea University Authors: Sarah Aldridge, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Stuart Bedston, Rowena Griffiths, Emily Lowthian Orcid Logo, Ronan Lyons Orcid Logo, Rhiannon Owen Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41467-024-46451-0

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people (CYP) can lead to life-threatening COVID-19, transmission within households and schools, and the development of long COVID. Using linked health and administrative data, we investigated vaccine uptake among 3,433,483 CYP aged 5–17 years across all UK...

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Published in: Nature Communications
ISSN: 2041-1723
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2024
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Using linked health and administrative data, we investigated vaccine uptake among 3,433,483 CYP aged 5–17 years across all UK nations between 4th August 2021 and 31st May 2022. We constructed national cohorts and undertook multi-state modelling and meta-analysis to identify associations between demographic variables and vaccine uptake. We found that uptake of the first COVID-19 vaccine among CYP was low across all four nations compared to other age groups and diminished with subsequent doses. Age and vaccination status of adults living in the same household were identified as important risk factors associated with vaccine uptake in CYP. For example, 5–11 year-olds were less likely to receive their first vaccine compared to 16–17 year-olds (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 0.10 (95%CI: 0.06–0.19)), and CYP in unvaccinated households were less likely to receive their first vaccine compared to CYP in partially vaccinated households (aHR: 0.19, 95%CI 0.13–0.29).</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Nature Communications</journal><volume>15</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Springer Science and Business Media LLC</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>2041-1723</issnElectronic><keywords>Epidemiology, Health policy, preventative medicine, SARS-Cov-2</keywords><publishedDay>15</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-03-15</publishedDate><doi>10.1038/s41467-024-46451-0</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Medical School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MEDS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library)</apcterm><funders>This research is part of the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research (HDR) UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (grant ref MC_PC_20058) [UA, SM, AA, SB, MJ, EL, SL, CR, DB, RAL, AS]. Data‌ ‌and‌ ‌Connectivity:‌ ‌COVID-19‌ Vaccines‌ ‌Pharmacovigilance‌ National Core Study - Uptake, safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in: pregnancy; children and young people; those receiving booster doses; and disease caused by different variants (2021.0158) [UA, SM, AA, SB, MJ, SL, LP, CR, DB, RAL, AS, RKO] is a partnership between University of Edinburgh, University of Oxford, University of Strathclyde, Queen’s University Belfast, Swansea University, Imperial College London and the Office for National Statistics. This partnership was funded by HDR UK and The Alan Turing Institute. RKO is supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences/the Wellcome Trust/ the Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy/the British Heart Foundation/Diabetes UK Springboard Award (SBF006\1122). This work was supported by HDR UK, which receives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) [SA, AA, SB, RGr, EL, RAL, RKO], funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Wellcome Trust. This work was supported by the Administrative Data Research (ADR) Wales programme of work. ADR Wales, part of the ADR UK investment, unites research expertise from Swansea University Medical School and WISERD (Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research and Data) at Cardiff University with analysts from Welsh Government. ADR UK is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), part of UK Research and Innovation. This research was supported by ESRC funding, including Administrative Data Research Wales (ES/W012227/1) [AA, SB, RAL]. Additionally the authors acknowledge the support of BREATHE—The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health (MC_PC_19004) [AS], which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. This work was also supported by the Con-COV team funded by the Medical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1) [AA, RAL].</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-07-15T11:47:13.1252678</lastEdited><Created>2024-03-17T17:35:23.8691718</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Sarah</firstname><surname>Aldridge</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Utkarsh</firstname><surname>Agrawal</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Siobhán</firstname><surname>Murphy</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Tristan</firstname><surname>Millington</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0814-0801</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Fatima</firstname><surname>Almaghrabi</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Sneha N.</firstname><surname>Anand</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Stuart</firstname><surname>Bedston</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Rosalind</firstname><surname>Goudie</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Rowena</firstname><surname>Griffiths</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Mark</firstname><surname>Joy</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Emily</firstname><surname>Lowthian</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9362-0046</orcid><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Simon de</firstname><surname>Lusignan</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8553-2641</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Lynsey</firstname><surname>Patterson</surname><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Chris</firstname><surname>Robertson</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6848-5241</orcid><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Igor</firstname><surname>Rudan</surname><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Declan T.</firstname><surname>Bradley</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1468-1823</orcid><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>Ronan</firstname><surname>Lyons</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5225-000X</orcid><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>Aziz</firstname><surname>Sheikh</surname><order>19</order></author><author><firstname>Rhiannon</firstname><surname>Owen</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5977-376X</orcid><order>20</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>65851__29798__113a842c601d4a239cefc5f9b342d575.pdf</filename><originalFilename>65851.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-03-22T11:20:38.7793310</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>2127715</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs><OutputDur><Id>237</Id><DataControllerName>Sarah Aldridge</DataControllerName><IsDataAvailableOnline>true</IsDataAvailableOnline><DataNotAvailableOnlineReasonId xsi:nil="true"/><DurUrl>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46451-0</DurUrl><IsDurRestrictions>false</IsDurRestrictions><DurRestrictionReasonId xsi:nil="true"/><DurEmbargoDate xsi:nil="true"/></OutputDur></OutputDurs></rfc1807>
spelling v2 65851 2024-03-17 Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts a42ee8ba1ff8174d5bb62d2d95364b90 Sarah Aldridge Sarah Aldridge true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41 Stuart Bedston Stuart Bedston true false 381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c Rowena Griffiths Rowena Griffiths true false db5bc529b8a9dfca2b4a268d14e03479 0000-0001-9362-0046 Emily Lowthian Emily Lowthian true false 83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6 0000-0001-5225-000X Ronan Lyons Ronan Lyons true false 0d30aa00eef6528f763a1e1589f703ec 0000-0001-5977-376X Rhiannon Owen Rhiannon Owen true false 2024-03-17 MEDS SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people (CYP) can lead to life-threatening COVID-19, transmission within households and schools, and the development of long COVID. Using linked health and administrative data, we investigated vaccine uptake among 3,433,483 CYP aged 5–17 years across all UK nations between 4th August 2021 and 31st May 2022. We constructed national cohorts and undertook multi-state modelling and meta-analysis to identify associations between demographic variables and vaccine uptake. We found that uptake of the first COVID-19 vaccine among CYP was low across all four nations compared to other age groups and diminished with subsequent doses. Age and vaccination status of adults living in the same household were identified as important risk factors associated with vaccine uptake in CYP. For example, 5–11 year-olds were less likely to receive their first vaccine compared to 16–17 year-olds (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 0.10 (95%CI: 0.06–0.19)), and CYP in unvaccinated households were less likely to receive their first vaccine compared to CYP in partially vaccinated households (aHR: 0.19, 95%CI 0.13–0.29). Journal Article Nature Communications 15 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2041-1723 Epidemiology, Health policy, preventative medicine, SARS-Cov-2 15 3 2024 2024-03-15 10.1038/s41467-024-46451-0 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) This research is part of the Data and Connectivity National Core Study, led by Health Data Research (HDR) UK in partnership with the Office for National Statistics and funded by UK Research and Innovation (grant ref MC_PC_20058) [UA, SM, AA, SB, MJ, EL, SL, CR, DB, RAL, AS]. Data‌ ‌and‌ ‌Connectivity:‌ ‌COVID-19‌ Vaccines‌ ‌Pharmacovigilance‌ National Core Study - Uptake, safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in: pregnancy; children and young people; those receiving booster doses; and disease caused by different variants (2021.0158) [UA, SM, AA, SB, MJ, SL, LP, CR, DB, RAL, AS, RKO] is a partnership between University of Edinburgh, University of Oxford, University of Strathclyde, Queen’s University Belfast, Swansea University, Imperial College London and the Office for National Statistics. This partnership was funded by HDR UK and The Alan Turing Institute. RKO is supported by the Academy of Medical Sciences/the Wellcome Trust/ the Government Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy/the British Heart Foundation/Diabetes UK Springboard Award (SBF006\1122). This work was supported by HDR UK, which receives its funding from HDR UK Ltd (HDR-9006) [SA, AA, SB, RGr, EL, RAL, RKO], funded by the UK Medical Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Economic and Social Research Council, Department of Health and Social Care (England), Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates, Health and Social Care Research and Development Division (Welsh Government), Public Health Agency (Northern Ireland), British Heart Foundation (BHF) and the Wellcome Trust. This work was supported by the Administrative Data Research (ADR) Wales programme of work. ADR Wales, part of the ADR UK investment, unites research expertise from Swansea University Medical School and WISERD (Wales Institute of Social and Economic Research and Data) at Cardiff University with analysts from Welsh Government. ADR UK is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), part of UK Research and Innovation. This research was supported by ESRC funding, including Administrative Data Research Wales (ES/W012227/1) [AA, SB, RAL]. Additionally the authors acknowledge the support of BREATHE—The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health (MC_PC_19004) [AS], which is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. This work was also supported by the Con-COV team funded by the Medical Research Council (grant number: MR/V028367/1) [AA, RAL]. 2024-07-15T11:47:13.1252678 2024-03-17T17:35:23.8691718 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Sarah Aldridge 1 Utkarsh Agrawal 2 Siobhán Murphy 3 Tristan Millington 4 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 5 Fatima Almaghrabi 6 Sneha N. Anand 7 Stuart Bedston 8 Rosalind Goudie 9 Rowena Griffiths 10 Mark Joy 11 Emily Lowthian 0000-0001-9362-0046 12 Simon de Lusignan 0000-0002-8553-2641 13 Lynsey Patterson 14 Chris Robertson 0000-0001-6848-5241 15 Igor Rudan 16 Declan T. Bradley 0000-0003-1468-1823 17 Ronan Lyons 0000-0001-5225-000X 18 Aziz Sheikh 19 Rhiannon Owen 0000-0001-5977-376X 20 65851__29798__113a842c601d4a239cefc5f9b342d575.pdf 65851.VOR.pdf 2024-03-22T11:20:38.7793310 Output 2127715 application/pdf Version of Record true This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 237 Sarah Aldridge true https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46451-0 false
title Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts
spellingShingle Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts
Sarah Aldridge
Ashley Akbari
Stuart Bedston
Rowena Griffiths
Emily Lowthian
Ronan Lyons
Rhiannon Owen
title_short Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts
title_full Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts
title_fullStr Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts
title_full_unstemmed Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts
title_sort Uptake of COVID-19 vaccinations amongst 3,433,483 children and young people: meta-analysis of UK prospective cohorts
author_id_str_mv a42ee8ba1ff8174d5bb62d2d95364b90
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author_id_fullname_str_mv a42ee8ba1ff8174d5bb62d2d95364b90_***_Sarah Aldridge
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari
c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41_***_Stuart Bedston
381464f639f98bd388c29326ca7f862c_***_Rowena Griffiths
db5bc529b8a9dfca2b4a268d14e03479_***_Emily Lowthian
83efcf2a9dfcf8b55586999d3d152ac6_***_Ronan Lyons
0d30aa00eef6528f763a1e1589f703ec_***_Rhiannon Owen
author Sarah Aldridge
Ashley Akbari
Stuart Bedston
Rowena Griffiths
Emily Lowthian
Ronan Lyons
Rhiannon Owen
author2 Sarah Aldridge
Utkarsh Agrawal
Siobhán Murphy
Tristan Millington
Ashley Akbari
Fatima Almaghrabi
Sneha N. Anand
Stuart Bedston
Rosalind Goudie
Rowena Griffiths
Mark Joy
Emily Lowthian
Simon de Lusignan
Lynsey Patterson
Chris Robertson
Igor Rudan
Declan T. Bradley
Ronan Lyons
Aziz Sheikh
Rhiannon Owen
format Journal article
container_title Nature Communications
container_volume 15
container_issue 1
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 2041-1723
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41467-024-46451-0
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and young people (CYP) can lead to life-threatening COVID-19, transmission within households and schools, and the development of long COVID. Using linked health and administrative data, we investigated vaccine uptake among 3,433,483 CYP aged 5–17 years across all UK nations between 4th August 2021 and 31st May 2022. We constructed national cohorts and undertook multi-state modelling and meta-analysis to identify associations between demographic variables and vaccine uptake. We found that uptake of the first COVID-19 vaccine among CYP was low across all four nations compared to other age groups and diminished with subsequent doses. Age and vaccination status of adults living in the same household were identified as important risk factors associated with vaccine uptake in CYP. For example, 5–11 year-olds were less likely to receive their first vaccine compared to 16–17 year-olds (adjusted Hazard Ratio [aHR]: 0.10 (95%CI: 0.06–0.19)), and CYP in unvaccinated households were less likely to receive their first vaccine compared to CYP in partially vaccinated households (aHR: 0.19, 95%CI 0.13–0.29).
published_date 2024-03-15T11:47:12Z
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