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Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building

Guangling Zhao, Joanna Clarke, Justin Searle Orcid Logo, Richard Lewis, Jenny Baker Orcid Logo

Energy and Buildings, Volume: 284, Start page: 112885

Swansea University Authors: Guangling Zhao, Joanna Clarke, Justin Searle Orcid Logo, Richard Lewis, Jenny Baker Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112885

Abstract

The concept of ‘Active Building’ refers to any building, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy in the UK. One such Active Building was built at Swansea University in the UK in 2018 and is...

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Published in: Energy and Buildings
ISSN: 0378-7788
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa62676
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One such Active Building was built at Swansea University in the UK in 2018 and is currently used as a small office including well fare facilities. The objective of this study is to analyse the economic performance of an Active Building, incorporating building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries with real building operational profiles and metered energy load profiles. The cost covers the capital cost of 22 kWp BIPV and 110 kWh Li-ion battery, and electricity cost from the electric grid with two types of time of use electricity tariffs - South Wales (SW) time of use tariff and Red, Amber, and Green (RAG) rates, and the potential carbon cost of electricity supplied from the Wales electric grid and generated from the Active Building. Four battery operational strategies are designed, and battery status of charge and electricity flow are monitored. The analysis is undertaken on the BIPV units with or without Li-ion batteries under various scenarios. The results show that the investment of BIPV units without Li-ion batteries can make a profit within the lifetime of BIPV in the current electricity market. However, the current Li-ion battery storage does not compensate for its capital cost from the reduced economic value obtained from the BIPV system when the electricity is curtailed. Even though the current economic analysis of the Active Building installing BIPV and battery is not convincing at the current capital price, this combination can enable the Active Building to be independent of the electric grid and to balance electricity demand and generation itself. 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spelling v2 62676 2023-02-16 Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building 20da587f584c918135bfb383eaaec62c Guangling Zhao Guangling Zhao true false c31667cbb6cb0f40a919b21756380a0b Joanna Clarke Joanna Clarke true false 0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0 0000-0003-1101-075X Justin Searle Justin Searle true false 6b3559a0b9ac5d4048d50c09d0a5b42e Richard Lewis Richard Lewis true false 6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460 0000-0003-3530-1957 Jenny Baker Jenny Baker true false 2023-02-16 MTLS The concept of ‘Active Building’ refers to any building, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy in the UK. One such Active Building was built at Swansea University in the UK in 2018 and is currently used as a small office including well fare facilities. The objective of this study is to analyse the economic performance of an Active Building, incorporating building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries with real building operational profiles and metered energy load profiles. The cost covers the capital cost of 22 kWp BIPV and 110 kWh Li-ion battery, and electricity cost from the electric grid with two types of time of use electricity tariffs - South Wales (SW) time of use tariff and Red, Amber, and Green (RAG) rates, and the potential carbon cost of electricity supplied from the Wales electric grid and generated from the Active Building. Four battery operational strategies are designed, and battery status of charge and electricity flow are monitored. The analysis is undertaken on the BIPV units with or without Li-ion batteries under various scenarios. The results show that the investment of BIPV units without Li-ion batteries can make a profit within the lifetime of BIPV in the current electricity market. However, the current Li-ion battery storage does not compensate for its capital cost from the reduced economic value obtained from the BIPV system when the electricity is curtailed. Even though the current economic analysis of the Active Building installing BIPV and battery is not convincing at the current capital price, this combination can enable the Active Building to be independent of the electric grid and to balance electricity demand and generation itself. The analysis will demonstrate the market conditions required to make these operational benefits cost-effective. Journal Article Energy and Buildings 284 112885 Elsevier BV 0378-7788 Economic Analysis; BIPV; LFP battery storage; Active building 1 4 2023 2023-04-01 10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112885 COLLEGE NANME Materials Science and Engineering COLLEGE CODE MTLS Swansea University This work has received funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through ECR Fellowship NoRESt (EP/ S03711X/1) and SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre (EP/ N020863/1 and EP/P030831/1). EP/T028513/1 Application Targeted and Integrated Photovoltaics - Enhancing UK Capability in Solar. 2023-07-11T14:53:12.3214496 2023-02-16T13:20:45.7503722 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Guangling Zhao 1 Joanna Clarke 2 Justin Searle 0000-0003-1101-075X 3 Richard Lewis 4 Jenny Baker 0000-0003-3530-1957 5 Under embargo Under embargo 2023-02-16T13:53:35.1767854 Output 752274 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2024-02-11T00:00:00.0000000 ©2023 All rights reserved. All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License (CC-BY-NC-ND) true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
title Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
spellingShingle Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
Guangling Zhao
Joanna Clarke
Justin Searle
Richard Lewis
Jenny Baker
title_short Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
title_full Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
title_fullStr Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
title_full_unstemmed Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
title_sort Economic analysis of integrating photovoltaics and battery energy storage system in an office building
author_id_str_mv 20da587f584c918135bfb383eaaec62c
c31667cbb6cb0f40a919b21756380a0b
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 20da587f584c918135bfb383eaaec62c_***_Guangling Zhao
c31667cbb6cb0f40a919b21756380a0b_***_Joanna Clarke
0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0_***_Justin Searle
6b3559a0b9ac5d4048d50c09d0a5b42e_***_Richard Lewis
6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460_***_Jenny Baker
author Guangling Zhao
Joanna Clarke
Justin Searle
Richard Lewis
Jenny Baker
author2 Guangling Zhao
Joanna Clarke
Justin Searle
Richard Lewis
Jenny Baker
format Journal article
container_title Energy and Buildings
container_volume 284
container_start_page 112885
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0378-7788
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.112885
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 0
active_str 0
description The concept of ‘Active Building’ refers to any building, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy in the UK. One such Active Building was built at Swansea University in the UK in 2018 and is currently used as a small office including well fare facilities. The objective of this study is to analyse the economic performance of an Active Building, incorporating building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries with real building operational profiles and metered energy load profiles. The cost covers the capital cost of 22 kWp BIPV and 110 kWh Li-ion battery, and electricity cost from the electric grid with two types of time of use electricity tariffs - South Wales (SW) time of use tariff and Red, Amber, and Green (RAG) rates, and the potential carbon cost of electricity supplied from the Wales electric grid and generated from the Active Building. Four battery operational strategies are designed, and battery status of charge and electricity flow are monitored. The analysis is undertaken on the BIPV units with or without Li-ion batteries under various scenarios. The results show that the investment of BIPV units without Li-ion batteries can make a profit within the lifetime of BIPV in the current electricity market. However, the current Li-ion battery storage does not compensate for its capital cost from the reduced economic value obtained from the BIPV system when the electricity is curtailed. Even though the current economic analysis of the Active Building installing BIPV and battery is not convincing at the current capital price, this combination can enable the Active Building to be independent of the electric grid and to balance electricity demand and generation itself. The analysis will demonstrate the market conditions required to make these operational benefits cost-effective.
published_date 2023-04-01T14:53:08Z
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