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The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory

Giscard Lima, Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Guan Wang, Patrick Ho, Lyra Meehan, Kelly Roeszler, Jane Seto, Fernanda Rossell Malinsky, Antonia Karanikolou, Gregor Eichhorn, Kumpei Tanisawa, Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt, Blair Hamilton, Paulette Y.O. Kumi, Jonathan Shurlock, Vasileios Skiadas, Richard Twycross-Lewis, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo, Fergus M. Guppy, Kathryn North, Yannis Pitsiladis, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Paolo Borrione

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, Volume: 33, Issue: 5

Swansea University Author: Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001037

Abstract

Objective: It remains unknown if myonuclei remain elevated post Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) usage in humans. Limited data exists on AAS induced changes in gene expression. Design: Cross-sectional/longitudinal. Setting: University.Participants: Fifty-six males aged 20-42.Independent Variables:...

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Published in: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
ISSN: 1050-642X
Published: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59710
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><rfc1807 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>59710</id><entry>2022-03-28</entry><title>The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-9449-2293</ORCID><firstname>Liam</firstname><surname>Kilduff</surname><name>Liam Kilduff</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-03-28</date><deptcode>STSC</deptcode><abstract>Objective: It remains unknown if myonuclei remain elevated post Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) usage in humans. Limited data exists on AAS induced changes in gene expression. Design: Cross-sectional/longitudinal. Setting: University.Participants: Fifty-six males aged 20-42.Independent Variables: Non-resistance trained (C) or resistance trained (RT), RT-currently using AAS (RT-AS), of which if AAS usage ceased for ≥18 weeks re-sampled as Returning Participants (RP) or RT-previously using AAS (PREV). Main Outcome Measures: Myonuclei per fibre and cross-sectional area (CSA) of trapezius muscle fibres. Results: There were no significant differences between C (n=5), RT (n=15), RT-AS (n=17) and PREV (n=6) for myonuclei per fibre. Three of five returning participants (RP1-3) were biopsied twice. Prior to visit one RP1 ceased AAS usage 34 weeks before, RP2 and RP3 ceased AAS usage ≤2 weeks before and all had 28 weeks between visits. Fibre CSA decreased for RP1 and RP2 between visits (7566 vs 6629 µm²; 7854 vs 5677 µm²) whilst myonuclei per fibre remained similar (3.5 vs 3.4; 2.5 vs 2.6). Respectively these values increased for RP3 between visits (7167 vs 7889 µm²; 2.6 vs 3.3). Conclusions: This cohort of past AAS users did not have elevated myonuclei per fibre values, unlike previous research, but reported AAS usage was much lower. Training and AAS usage history also varied widely amongst participants. Comparable myonuclei per fibre numbers despite decrements in fibre CSA post exposure adheres with the muscle memory mechanism but there is variation in usage relative to sampling date and low numbers of returning participants.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine</journal><volume>33</volume><journalNumber>5</journalNumber><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1050-642X</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Myonuclei, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids, Hypertrophy, Fat Free Mass, Muscle Memory, Gene Expression</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>9</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-09-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1097/jsm.0000000000001037</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Sport and Exercise Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>STSC</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-09-13T11:26:30.1580141</lastEdited><Created>2022-03-28T11:05:46.5112129</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Giscard</firstname><surname>Lima</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Alexander</firstname><surname>Kolliari-Turner</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Guan</firstname><surname>Wang</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Patrick</firstname><surname>Ho</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Lyra</firstname><surname>Meehan</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Kelly</firstname><surname>Roeszler</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Jane</firstname><surname>Seto</surname><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Fernanda Rossell</firstname><surname>Malinsky</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Antonia</firstname><surname>Karanikolou</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Gregor</firstname><surname>Eichhorn</surname><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Kumpei</firstname><surname>Tanisawa</surname><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Jonathan</firstname><surname>Ospina-Betancurt</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Blair</firstname><surname>Hamilton</surname><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Paulette Y.O.</firstname><surname>Kumi</surname><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Jonathan</firstname><surname>Shurlock</surname><order>15</order></author><author><firstname>Vasileios</firstname><surname>Skiadas</surname><order>16</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Twycross-Lewis</surname><order>17</order></author><author><firstname>Liam</firstname><surname>Kilduff</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9449-2293</orcid><order>18</order></author><author><firstname>Fergus M.</firstname><surname>Guppy</surname><order>19</order></author><author><firstname>Kathryn</firstname><surname>North</surname><order>20</order></author><author><firstname>Yannis</firstname><surname>Pitsiladis</surname><order>21</order></author><author><firstname>Chiara</firstname><surname>Fossati</surname><order>22</order></author><author><firstname>Fabio</firstname><surname>Pigozzi</surname><order>23</order></author><author><firstname>Paolo</firstname><surname>Borrione</surname><order>24</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>59710__23680__089f41e4a12b401db788be5dbf87a958.pdf</filename><originalFilename>59710.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-03-28T11:15:12.4309725</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>301342</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2023-05-04T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling v2 59710 2022-03-28 The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98 0000-0001-9449-2293 Liam Kilduff Liam Kilduff true false 2022-03-28 STSC Objective: It remains unknown if myonuclei remain elevated post Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) usage in humans. Limited data exists on AAS induced changes in gene expression. Design: Cross-sectional/longitudinal. Setting: University.Participants: Fifty-six males aged 20-42.Independent Variables: Non-resistance trained (C) or resistance trained (RT), RT-currently using AAS (RT-AS), of which if AAS usage ceased for ≥18 weeks re-sampled as Returning Participants (RP) or RT-previously using AAS (PREV). Main Outcome Measures: Myonuclei per fibre and cross-sectional area (CSA) of trapezius muscle fibres. Results: There were no significant differences between C (n=5), RT (n=15), RT-AS (n=17) and PREV (n=6) for myonuclei per fibre. Three of five returning participants (RP1-3) were biopsied twice. Prior to visit one RP1 ceased AAS usage 34 weeks before, RP2 and RP3 ceased AAS usage ≤2 weeks before and all had 28 weeks between visits. Fibre CSA decreased for RP1 and RP2 between visits (7566 vs 6629 µm²; 7854 vs 5677 µm²) whilst myonuclei per fibre remained similar (3.5 vs 3.4; 2.5 vs 2.6). Respectively these values increased for RP3 between visits (7167 vs 7889 µm²; 2.6 vs 3.3). Conclusions: This cohort of past AAS users did not have elevated myonuclei per fibre values, unlike previous research, but reported AAS usage was much lower. Training and AAS usage history also varied widely amongst participants. Comparable myonuclei per fibre numbers despite decrements in fibre CSA post exposure adheres with the muscle memory mechanism but there is variation in usage relative to sampling date and low numbers of returning participants. Journal Article Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine 33 5 Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) 1050-642X Myonuclei, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids, Hypertrophy, Fat Free Mass, Muscle Memory, Gene Expression 1 9 2023 2023-09-01 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001037 COLLEGE NANME Sport and Exercise Sciences COLLEGE CODE STSC Swansea University 2023-09-13T11:26:30.1580141 2022-03-28T11:05:46.5112129 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Giscard Lima 1 Alexander Kolliari-Turner 2 Guan Wang 3 Patrick Ho 4 Lyra Meehan 5 Kelly Roeszler 6 Jane Seto 7 Fernanda Rossell Malinsky 8 Antonia Karanikolou 9 Gregor Eichhorn 10 Kumpei Tanisawa 11 Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt 12 Blair Hamilton 13 Paulette Y.O. Kumi 14 Jonathan Shurlock 15 Vasileios Skiadas 16 Richard Twycross-Lewis 17 Liam Kilduff 0000-0001-9449-2293 18 Fergus M. Guppy 19 Kathryn North 20 Yannis Pitsiladis 21 Chiara Fossati 22 Fabio Pigozzi 23 Paolo Borrione 24 59710__23680__089f41e4a12b401db788be5dbf87a958.pdf 59710.pdf 2022-03-28T11:15:12.4309725 Output 301342 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2023-05-04T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory
spellingShingle The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory
Liam Kilduff
title_short The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory
title_full The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory
title_fullStr The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory
title_full_unstemmed The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory
title_sort The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory
author_id_str_mv 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98
author_id_fullname_str_mv 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98_***_Liam Kilduff
author Liam Kilduff
author2 Giscard Lima
Alexander Kolliari-Turner
Guan Wang
Patrick Ho
Lyra Meehan
Kelly Roeszler
Jane Seto
Fernanda Rossell Malinsky
Antonia Karanikolou
Gregor Eichhorn
Kumpei Tanisawa
Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt
Blair Hamilton
Paulette Y.O. Kumi
Jonathan Shurlock
Vasileios Skiadas
Richard Twycross-Lewis
Liam Kilduff
Fergus M. Guppy
Kathryn North
Yannis Pitsiladis
Chiara Fossati
Fabio Pigozzi
Paolo Borrione
format Journal article
container_title Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
container_volume 33
container_issue 5
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 1050-642X
doi_str_mv 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001037
publisher Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Objective: It remains unknown if myonuclei remain elevated post Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) usage in humans. Limited data exists on AAS induced changes in gene expression. Design: Cross-sectional/longitudinal. Setting: University.Participants: Fifty-six males aged 20-42.Independent Variables: Non-resistance trained (C) or resistance trained (RT), RT-currently using AAS (RT-AS), of which if AAS usage ceased for ≥18 weeks re-sampled as Returning Participants (RP) or RT-previously using AAS (PREV). Main Outcome Measures: Myonuclei per fibre and cross-sectional area (CSA) of trapezius muscle fibres. Results: There were no significant differences between C (n=5), RT (n=15), RT-AS (n=17) and PREV (n=6) for myonuclei per fibre. Three of five returning participants (RP1-3) were biopsied twice. Prior to visit one RP1 ceased AAS usage 34 weeks before, RP2 and RP3 ceased AAS usage ≤2 weeks before and all had 28 weeks between visits. Fibre CSA decreased for RP1 and RP2 between visits (7566 vs 6629 µm²; 7854 vs 5677 µm²) whilst myonuclei per fibre remained similar (3.5 vs 3.4; 2.5 vs 2.6). Respectively these values increased for RP3 between visits (7167 vs 7889 µm²; 2.6 vs 3.3). Conclusions: This cohort of past AAS users did not have elevated myonuclei per fibre values, unlike previous research, but reported AAS usage was much lower. Training and AAS usage history also varied widely amongst participants. Comparable myonuclei per fibre numbers despite decrements in fibre CSA post exposure adheres with the muscle memory mechanism but there is variation in usage relative to sampling date and low numbers of returning participants.
published_date 2023-09-01T11:26:31Z
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score 11.013148

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