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The MMAAS Project: An Observational Human Study Investigating the Effect of Anabolic Androgenic Steroid Use on Gene Expression and the Molecular Mechanism of Muscle Memory

Giscard Lima, Alexander Kolliari-Turner, Guan Wang, Patrick Ho, Lyra Meehan, Kelly Roeszler, Jane Seto, Fernanda Rossell Malinsky, Antonia Karanikolou, Gregor Eichhorn, Kumpei Tanisawa, Jonathan Ospina-Betancurt, Blair Hamilton, Paulette Y.O. Kumi, Jonathan Shurlock, Vasileios Skiadas, Richard Twycross-Lewis, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo, Fergus M. Guppy, Kathryn North, Yannis Pitsiladis, Chiara Fossati, Fabio Pigozzi, Paolo Borrione

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, Volume: 33, Issue: 5

Swansea University Author: Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1097/jsm.0000000000001037

Abstract

Objective: It remains unknown if myonuclei remain elevated post Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) usage in humans. Limited data exists on AAS induced changes in gene expression. Design: Cross-sectional/longitudinal. Setting: University.Participants: Fifty-six males aged 20-42.Independent Variables:...

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Published in: Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine
ISSN: 1050-642X
Published: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59710
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Abstract: Objective: It remains unknown if myonuclei remain elevated post Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) usage in humans. Limited data exists on AAS induced changes in gene expression. Design: Cross-sectional/longitudinal. Setting: University.Participants: Fifty-six males aged 20-42.Independent Variables: Non-resistance trained (C) or resistance trained (RT), RT-currently using AAS (RT-AS), of which if AAS usage ceased for ≥18 weeks re-sampled as Returning Participants (RP) or RT-previously using AAS (PREV). Main Outcome Measures: Myonuclei per fibre and cross-sectional area (CSA) of trapezius muscle fibres. Results: There were no significant differences between C (n=5), RT (n=15), RT-AS (n=17) and PREV (n=6) for myonuclei per fibre. Three of five returning participants (RP1-3) were biopsied twice. Prior to visit one RP1 ceased AAS usage 34 weeks before, RP2 and RP3 ceased AAS usage ≤2 weeks before and all had 28 weeks between visits. Fibre CSA decreased for RP1 and RP2 between visits (7566 vs 6629 µm²; 7854 vs 5677 µm²) whilst myonuclei per fibre remained similar (3.5 vs 3.4; 2.5 vs 2.6). Respectively these values increased for RP3 between visits (7167 vs 7889 µm²; 2.6 vs 3.3). Conclusions: This cohort of past AAS users did not have elevated myonuclei per fibre values, unlike previous research, but reported AAS usage was much lower. Training and AAS usage history also varied widely amongst participants. Comparable myonuclei per fibre numbers despite decrements in fibre CSA post exposure adheres with the muscle memory mechanism but there is variation in usage relative to sampling date and low numbers of returning participants.
Keywords: Myonuclei, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids, Hypertrophy, Fat Free Mass, Muscle Memory, Gene Expression
College: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Issue: 5

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