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Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort

Siobhán Murphy Orcid Logo, Dermot O'Reilly Orcid Logo, Rhiannon Owen Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Emily Lowthian, Stuart Bedston, Fatemeh Torabi Orcid Logo, Jillian Beggs, Antony Chuter, Simon de Lusignan Orcid Logo, Richard Hobbs Orcid Logo, Chris Robertson, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi Orcid Logo, Aziz Sheikh Orcid Logo, Declan T. Bradley Orcid Logo

The British Journal of Psychiatry, Volume: 221, Issue: 1, Pages: 417 - 424

Swansea University Authors: Rhiannon Owen Orcid Logo, Ashley Akbari Orcid Logo, Emily Lowthian, Stuart Bedston, Fatemeh Torabi Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1192/bjp.2022.36

Abstract

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected people with mental health conditions.AimsWe investigated the association between receiving psychotropic drugs, as an indicator of mental health conditions, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional a...

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Published in: The British Journal of Psychiatry
ISSN: 0007-1250 1472-1465
Published: Royal College of Psychiatrists 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa59519
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Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses investigated the association between anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and hypnotic use and COVID-19 vaccination status, accounting for age, gender, deprivation and comorbidities. Receiving any COVID-19 vaccine was the primary outcome.ResultsThere were 1 433 814 individuals, of whom 1 166 917 received a COVID-19 vaccination. Psychotropic medications were dispensed to 267 049 people. In univariable analysis, people who received any psychotropic medication had greater odds of receiving COVID-19 vaccination: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42 (95% CI 1.41&#x2013;1.44). However, after adjustment, psychotropic medication use was associated with reduced odds of vaccination (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.89&#x2013;0.91). People who received anxiolytics (ORadj = 0.63, 95% CI 0.61&#x2013;0.65), antipsychotics (ORadj = 0.75, 95% CI 0.73&#x2013;0.78) and hypnotics (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87&#x2013;0.93) had reduced odds of being vaccinated. Antidepressant use was not associated with vaccination (ORadj = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00&#x2013;1.03).ConclusionsWe found significantly lower odds of vaccination in people who were receiving treatment with anxiolytic and antipsychotic medications. There is an urgent need for evidence-based, tailored vaccine support for people with mental health conditions.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>The British Journal of Psychiatry</journal><volume>221</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>417</paginationStart><paginationEnd>424</paginationEnd><publisher>Royal College of Psychiatrists</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0007-1250</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1472-1465</issnElectronic><keywords>Covid-19; vaccines; mental health; equity; psychotropic medicines</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-07-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1192/bjp.2022.36</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Health Data Science</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>HDAT</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council); Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund; Health Data Research UK</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-07-22T16:27:12.0703105</lastEdited><Created>2022-03-07T19:42:25.3260210</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Siobh&#xE1;n</firstname><surname>Murphy</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9765-3873</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Dermot</firstname><surname>O'Reilly</surname><orcid>0000-0002-9181-0652</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Rhiannon</firstname><surname>Owen</surname><orcid>0000-0001-5977-376X</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Ashley</firstname><surname>Akbari</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0814-0801</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Emily</firstname><surname>Lowthian</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Stuart</firstname><surname>Bedston</surname><order>6</order></author><author><firstname>Fatemeh</firstname><surname>Torabi</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5853-4625</orcid><order>7</order></author><author><firstname>Jillian</firstname><surname>Beggs</surname><order>8</order></author><author><firstname>Antony</firstname><surname>Chuter</surname><order>9</order></author><author><firstname>Simon de</firstname><surname>Lusignan</surname><orcid>0000-0002-8553-2641</orcid><order>10</order></author><author><firstname>Richard</firstname><surname>Hobbs</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7976-7172</orcid><order>11</order></author><author><firstname>Chris</firstname><surname>Robertson</surname><order>12</order></author><author><firstname>Srinivasa Vittal</firstname><surname>Katikireddi</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6593-9092</orcid><order>13</order></author><author><firstname>Aziz</firstname><surname>Sheikh</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7022-3056</orcid><order>14</order></author><author><firstname>Declan T.</firstname><surname>Bradley</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1468-1823</orcid><order>15</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>59519__22649__4299be9a468243599f50e5ea7d0a6a39.pdf</filename><originalFilename>59519.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-03-22T13:07:46.2763191</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>629791</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; The Author(s), 2022. 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spelling 2022-07-22T16:27:12.0703105 v2 59519 2022-03-07 Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort 0d30aa00eef6528f763a1e1589f703ec 0000-0001-5977-376X Rhiannon Owen Rhiannon Owen true false aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52 0000-0003-0814-0801 Ashley Akbari Ashley Akbari true false db5bc529b8a9dfca2b4a268d14e03479 Emily Lowthian Emily Lowthian true false c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41 Stuart Bedston Stuart Bedston true false f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3 0000-0002-5853-4625 Fatemeh Torabi Fatemeh Torabi true false 2022-03-07 HDAT BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected people with mental health conditions.AimsWe investigated the association between receiving psychotropic drugs, as an indicator of mental health conditions, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of the Northern Ireland adult population using national linked primary care registration, vaccination, secondary care and pharmacy dispensing data. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses investigated the association between anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and hypnotic use and COVID-19 vaccination status, accounting for age, gender, deprivation and comorbidities. Receiving any COVID-19 vaccine was the primary outcome.ResultsThere were 1 433 814 individuals, of whom 1 166 917 received a COVID-19 vaccination. Psychotropic medications were dispensed to 267 049 people. In univariable analysis, people who received any psychotropic medication had greater odds of receiving COVID-19 vaccination: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42 (95% CI 1.41–1.44). However, after adjustment, psychotropic medication use was associated with reduced odds of vaccination (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.89–0.91). People who received anxiolytics (ORadj = 0.63, 95% CI 0.61–0.65), antipsychotics (ORadj = 0.75, 95% CI 0.73–0.78) and hypnotics (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87–0.93) had reduced odds of being vaccinated. Antidepressant use was not associated with vaccination (ORadj = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03).ConclusionsWe found significantly lower odds of vaccination in people who were receiving treatment with anxiolytic and antipsychotic medications. There is an urgent need for evidence-based, tailored vaccine support for people with mental health conditions. Journal Article The British Journal of Psychiatry 221 1 417 424 Royal College of Psychiatrists 0007-1250 1472-1465 Covid-19; vaccines; mental health; equity; psychotropic medicines 1 7 2022 2022-07-01 10.1192/bjp.2022.36 COLLEGE NANME Health Data Science COLLEGE CODE HDAT Swansea University UK Research and Innovation (Medical Research Council); Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund; Health Data Research UK 2022-07-22T16:27:12.0703105 2022-03-07T19:42:25.3260210 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Siobhán Murphy 0000-0001-9765-3873 1 Dermot O'Reilly 0000-0002-9181-0652 2 Rhiannon Owen 0000-0001-5977-376X 3 Ashley Akbari 0000-0003-0814-0801 4 Emily Lowthian 5 Stuart Bedston 6 Fatemeh Torabi 0000-0002-5853-4625 7 Jillian Beggs 8 Antony Chuter 9 Simon de Lusignan 0000-0002-8553-2641 10 Richard Hobbs 0000-0001-7976-7172 11 Chris Robertson 12 Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi 0000-0001-6593-9092 13 Aziz Sheikh 0000-0001-7022-3056 14 Declan T. Bradley 0000-0003-1468-1823 15 59519__22649__4299be9a468243599f50e5ea7d0a6a39.pdf 59519.pdf 2022-03-22T13:07:46.2763191 Output 629791 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s), 2022. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
spellingShingle Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
Rhiannon Owen
Ashley Akbari
Emily Lowthian
Stuart Bedston
Fatemeh Torabi
title_short Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
title_full Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
title_fullStr Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
title_full_unstemmed Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
title_sort Variations in COVID-19 vaccination uptake among people in receipt of psychotropic drugs: cross-sectional analysis of a national population-based prospective cohort
author_id_str_mv 0d30aa00eef6528f763a1e1589f703ec
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52
db5bc529b8a9dfca2b4a268d14e03479
c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41
f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3
author_id_fullname_str_mv 0d30aa00eef6528f763a1e1589f703ec_***_Rhiannon Owen
aa1b025ec0243f708bb5eb0a93d6fb52_***_Ashley Akbari
db5bc529b8a9dfca2b4a268d14e03479_***_Emily Lowthian
c79d07eaba5c9515c0df82b372b76a41_***_Stuart Bedston
f569591e1bfb0e405b8091f99fec45d3_***_Fatemeh Torabi
author Rhiannon Owen
Ashley Akbari
Emily Lowthian
Stuart Bedston
Fatemeh Torabi
author2 Siobhán Murphy
Dermot O'Reilly
Rhiannon Owen
Ashley Akbari
Emily Lowthian
Stuart Bedston
Fatemeh Torabi
Jillian Beggs
Antony Chuter
Simon de Lusignan
Richard Hobbs
Chris Robertson
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Aziz Sheikh
Declan T. Bradley
format Journal article
container_title The British Journal of Psychiatry
container_volume 221
container_issue 1
container_start_page 417
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0007-1250
1472-1465
doi_str_mv 10.1192/bjp.2022.36
publisher Royal College of Psychiatrists
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately affected people with mental health conditions.AimsWe investigated the association between receiving psychotropic drugs, as an indicator of mental health conditions, and COVID-19 vaccine uptake.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort of the Northern Ireland adult population using national linked primary care registration, vaccination, secondary care and pharmacy dispensing data. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses investigated the association between anxiolytic, antidepressant, antipsychotic, and hypnotic use and COVID-19 vaccination status, accounting for age, gender, deprivation and comorbidities. Receiving any COVID-19 vaccine was the primary outcome.ResultsThere were 1 433 814 individuals, of whom 1 166 917 received a COVID-19 vaccination. Psychotropic medications were dispensed to 267 049 people. In univariable analysis, people who received any psychotropic medication had greater odds of receiving COVID-19 vaccination: odds ratio (OR) = 1.42 (95% CI 1.41–1.44). However, after adjustment, psychotropic medication use was associated with reduced odds of vaccination (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.89–0.91). People who received anxiolytics (ORadj = 0.63, 95% CI 0.61–0.65), antipsychotics (ORadj = 0.75, 95% CI 0.73–0.78) and hypnotics (ORadj = 0.90, 95% CI 0.87–0.93) had reduced odds of being vaccinated. Antidepressant use was not associated with vaccination (ORadj = 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.03).ConclusionsWe found significantly lower odds of vaccination in people who were receiving treatment with anxiolytic and antipsychotic medications. There is an urgent need for evidence-based, tailored vaccine support for people with mental health conditions.
published_date 2022-07-01T04:16:54Z
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