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Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study

Thomas Ainscough, Darren Oatley-Radcliffe Orcid Logo, Andrew Barron Orcid Logo

Membranes, Volume: 11, Issue: 1, Start page: 61

Swansea University Authors: Thomas Ainscough, Darren Oatley-Radcliffe Orcid Logo, Andrew Barron Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/membranes11010061

Abstract

Groundwater contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons represents a particularly difficult separation to achieve and very little is published on the subject. In this paper, we explore the potential for the removal of chlorinated volatile and non-volatile organics from a site in Bedfordshire UK. The c...

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Published in: Membranes
ISSN: 2077-0375
Published: MDPI AG 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa56235
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spelling 2021-03-02T12:36:51.9202820 v2 56235 2021-02-11 Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study c42a15fffb997ec5f1e73da6c33d4e62 Thomas Ainscough Thomas Ainscough true false 6dfb5ec2932455c778a5aa168c18cffd 0000-0003-4116-723X Darren Oatley-Radcliffe Darren Oatley-Radcliffe true false 92e452f20936d688d36f91c78574241d 0000-0002-2018-8288 Andrew Barron Andrew Barron true false 2021-02-11 Groundwater contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons represents a particularly difficult separation to achieve and very little is published on the subject. In this paper, we explore the potential for the removal of chlorinated volatile and non-volatile organics from a site in Bedfordshire UK. The compounds of interest include trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), 2,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and vinyl chloride (VC). The separations were first tested in the laboratory. Microfiltration membranes were of no use in this separation. Nanofiltration membranes performed well and rejections of 70–93% were observed for synthetic solutions and up to 100% for real groundwater samples. Site trials were limited by space and power availability, which resulted in a maximum operating pressure of only 3 bar. Under these conditions, the nanofiltration membrane removed organic materials, but failed to remove VOCs to any significant extent. Initial results with a reverse osmosis membrane were positive, with 93% removal of the VOCs. However, subsequent samples taken demonstrated little removal. Several hypotheses were presented to explain this behavior and the most likely cause of the issue was fouling leading to adsorption of the VOCs onto the membrane and allowing passage through the membrane matrix. Journal Article Membranes 11 1 61 MDPI AG 2077-0375 groundwater; reclamation; nanofiltration; VOC 16 1 2021 2021-01-16 10.3390/membranes11010061 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University 2021-03-02T12:36:51.9202820 2021-02-11T11:21:09.8301990 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering Thomas Ainscough 1 Darren Oatley-Radcliffe 0000-0003-4116-723X 2 Andrew Barron 0000-0002-2018-8288 3 56235__19264__6cfc40da92a44ad48a0bea8870b3024c.pdf 56235.pdf 2021-02-11T11:24:21.0082325 Output 76174273 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2021 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study
spellingShingle Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study
Thomas Ainscough
Darren Oatley-Radcliffe
Andrew Barron
title_short Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study
title_full Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study
title_fullStr Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study
title_full_unstemmed Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study
title_sort Groundwater Remediation of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes—A Field Study
author_id_str_mv c42a15fffb997ec5f1e73da6c33d4e62
6dfb5ec2932455c778a5aa168c18cffd
92e452f20936d688d36f91c78574241d
author_id_fullname_str_mv c42a15fffb997ec5f1e73da6c33d4e62_***_Thomas Ainscough
6dfb5ec2932455c778a5aa168c18cffd_***_Darren Oatley-Radcliffe
92e452f20936d688d36f91c78574241d_***_Andrew Barron
author Thomas Ainscough
Darren Oatley-Radcliffe
Andrew Barron
author2 Thomas Ainscough
Darren Oatley-Radcliffe
Andrew Barron
format Journal article
container_title Membranes
container_volume 11
container_issue 1
container_start_page 61
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 2077-0375
doi_str_mv 10.3390/membranes11010061
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Groundwater contamination by chlorinated hydrocarbons represents a particularly difficult separation to achieve and very little is published on the subject. In this paper, we explore the potential for the removal of chlorinated volatile and non-volatile organics from a site in Bedfordshire UK. The compounds of interest include trichloroethylene (TCE), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethylene (DCE), 2,2-dichloropropane (DCP) and vinyl chloride (VC). The separations were first tested in the laboratory. Microfiltration membranes were of no use in this separation. Nanofiltration membranes performed well and rejections of 70–93% were observed for synthetic solutions and up to 100% for real groundwater samples. Site trials were limited by space and power availability, which resulted in a maximum operating pressure of only 3 bar. Under these conditions, the nanofiltration membrane removed organic materials, but failed to remove VOCs to any significant extent. Initial results with a reverse osmosis membrane were positive, with 93% removal of the VOCs. However, subsequent samples taken demonstrated little removal. Several hypotheses were presented to explain this behavior and the most likely cause of the issue was fouling leading to adsorption of the VOCs onto the membrane and allowing passage through the membrane matrix.
published_date 2021-01-16T04:11:02Z
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