Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study

Dingley, J.; Stephenson, J.; Allender, V.; Dawson, S.; Williams, D.; Dingley, John

doi:10.1111/anae.14300

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Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study

J. Dingley, J. Stephenson, V. Allender, S. Dawson, D. Williams, John Dingley

Anaesthesia, Volume: 73, Issue: 7, Pages: 856 - 862

Swansea University Author: John Dingley

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/anae.14300

Abstract

The i-gelTM is a supraglottic airway with a gel-like thermoplastic cuff. It has been suggested that the seal against the larynx improves over time. Perhaps the most intuitive explanation proposed for this is cuff softening on warming from ambient to body temperature. We investigated this using a foo...

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Published in:	Anaesthesia
ISSN:	00032409
Published:	London Wiley-Blackwell 2018
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa39618
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first_indexed	2018-04-29T04:43:21Z
last_indexed	2018-07-25T13:31:40Z
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spelling	2018-07-25T10:54:29.9318398 v2 39618 2018-04-28 Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study 1283ffdd09b091ec57ec3e235a48cfcc John Dingley John Dingley true false 2018-04-28 PMSC The i-gelTM is a supraglottic airway with a gel-like thermoplastic cuff. It has been suggested that the seal against the larynx improves over time. Perhaps the most intuitive explanation proposed for this is cuff softening on warming from ambient to body temperature. We investigated this using a food industry texture analyser machine over a wide temperature range.Size #2 and #3 i-gelsTM were secured to a platform within a temperature-controlled water bath, mounted on a texture analyser test stand. Both water and i-gelTM cuff temperatures were recorded. A spherical probe advanced 4mm into the surface of each i-gelTM at 1mm/s then retracted at the same rate while the upward pressure on the probe was recorded at 200Hz. Three runs made at each of 11 temperatures (10°C to 60°C, 5°C increments) gave 105,864 data points from which values for hardness (the peak force on the probe at maximum indentation), and resilience (the rate at which the material recovers its original shape), were calculated.Over 10°C-60°C the smallest hardness value expressed as a percentage of the largest was 88.2% and 89.8% for #2 and #3 i-gelsTM respectively. For resilience these were 92.8% and 86.2% respectively. Over a room temperature (21°C) to body temperature (37.4°C) range, hardness decreased by 3.15%, and increased by 0.47% for sizes #2 and #3 respectively, with resilience values decreasing by 1.85% and 2.68% respectively.Although cuff hardness and resilience do generally reduce with warming, the effect is minimal, especially over the temperature ranges encountered in clinical use. Journal Article Anaesthesia 73 7 856 862 Wiley-Blackwell London 00032409 Supraglottic Airway Device; i-Gel; Airway Management. 11 6 2018 2018-06-11 10.1111/anae.14300 COLLEGE NANME Medicine COLLEGE CODE PMSC Swansea University 2018-07-25T10:54:29.9318398 2018-04-28T20:44:59.3377716 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine J. Dingley 1 J. Stephenson 2 V. Allender 3 S. Dawson 4 D. Williams 5 John Dingley 6 0039618-28042018204642.docx MainMuscriptAsAccepted.docx 2018-04-28T20:46:42.6270000 Output 1375225 application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document Accepted Manuscript true 2019-05-03T00:00:00.0000000 12 month embargo. true eng
title	Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study
spellingShingle	Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study John Dingley
title_short	Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study
title_full	Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study
title_fullStr	Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study
title_full_unstemmed	Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study
title_sort	Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study
author_id_str_mv	1283ffdd09b091ec57ec3e235a48cfcc
author_id_fullname_str_mv	1283ffdd09b091ec57ec3e235a48cfcc_***_John Dingley
author	John Dingley
author2	J. Dingley J. Stephenson V. Allender S. Dawson D. Williams John Dingley
format	Journal article
container_title	Anaesthesia
container_volume	73
container_issue	7
container_start_page	856
publishDate	2018
institution	Swansea University
issn	00032409
doi_str_mv	10.1111/anae.14300
publisher	Wiley-Blackwell
college_str	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id	facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str	Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
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description	The i-gelTM is a supraglottic airway with a gel-like thermoplastic cuff. It has been suggested that the seal against the larynx improves over time. Perhaps the most intuitive explanation proposed for this is cuff softening on warming from ambient to body temperature. We investigated this using a food industry texture analyser machine over a wide temperature range.Size #2 and #3 i-gelsTM were secured to a platform within a temperature-controlled water bath, mounted on a texture analyser test stand. Both water and i-gelTM cuff temperatures were recorded. A spherical probe advanced 4mm into the surface of each i-gelTM at 1mm/s then retracted at the same rate while the upward pressure on the probe was recorded at 200Hz. Three runs made at each of 11 temperatures (10°C to 60°C, 5°C increments) gave 105,864 data points from which values for hardness (the peak force on the probe at maximum indentation), and resilience (the rate at which the material recovers its original shape), were calculated.Over 10°C-60°C the smallest hardness value expressed as a percentage of the largest was 88.2% and 89.8% for #2 and #3 i-gelsTM respectively. For resilience these were 92.8% and 86.2% respectively. Over a room temperature (21°C) to body temperature (37.4°C) range, hardness decreased by 3.15%, and increased by 0.47% for sizes #2 and #3 respectively, with resilience values decreasing by 1.85% and 2.68% respectively.Although cuff hardness and resilience do generally reduce with warming, the effect is minimal, especially over the temperature ranges encountered in clinical use.
published_date	2018-06-11T03:50:21Z
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Changes in hardness and resilience of i-gelTM cuffs with temperature: a benchtop study

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