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Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma

Theofano Eftaxiopoulou, Ashton Barnett-Vanes, Hari Arora Orcid Logo, Warren Macdonald, Thuy-Tien N. Nguyen, Mako Itadani, Anna E. Sharrock, David Britzman, William G. Proud, Anthony M.J. Bull, Sara M. Rankin

Injury, Volume: 47, Issue: 3, Pages: 625 - 632

Swansea University Author: Hari Arora Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.injury.2016.01.017

Abstract

BackgroundBlast injuries from conventional and improvised explosive devices account for 75% of injuries from current conflicts; over 70% of injuries involve the limbs. Variable duration and magnitude of blast wave loading occurs in real-life explosions and is hypothesised to cause different injuries...

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Published in: Injury
ISSN: 0020-1383
Published: 2016
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa37128
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While a number of in vivo models report the inflammatory response to blast injuries, the extent of this response has not been investigated with respect to the duration of the primary blast wave. The relevance is that explosions in open air are of short duration compared to those in confined spaces.MethodsHindlimbs of adult Sprauge-Dawley rats were subjected to focal isolated primary blast waves of varying overpressure (1.8&#x2013;3.65 kPa) and duration (3.0&#x2013;11.5 ms), utilising a shock tube and purpose-built experimental rig. Rats were monitored during and after the blast. At 6 and 24 h after exposure, blood, lungs, liver and muscle tissues were collected and prepared for histology and flow cytometry.ResultsAt 6 h, increases in circulating neutrophils and CD43Lo/His48Hi monocytes were observed in rats subjected to longer-duration blast waves. This was accompanied by increases in circulating pro-inflammatory chemo/cytokines KC and IL-6. No changes were observed with shorter-duration blast waves irrespective of overpressure. In all cases, no histological damage was observed in muscle, lung or liver. By 24 h post-blast, all inflammatory parameters had normalised.ConclusionsWe report the development of a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma that is the first to highlight an important role played by blast wave duration and magnitude in initiating acute inflammatory response following limb injury in the absence of limb fracture or penetrating trauma. 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title Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma
spellingShingle Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma
Hari Arora
title_short Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma
title_full Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma
title_fullStr Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma
title_full_unstemmed Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma
title_sort Prolonged but not short-duration blast waves elicit acute inflammation in a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma
author_id_str_mv ed7371c768e9746008a6807f9f7a1555
author_id_fullname_str_mv ed7371c768e9746008a6807f9f7a1555_***_Hari Arora
author Hari Arora
author2 Theofano Eftaxiopoulou
Ashton Barnett-Vanes
Hari Arora
Warren Macdonald
Thuy-Tien N. Nguyen
Mako Itadani
Anna E. Sharrock
David Britzman
William G. Proud
Anthony M.J. Bull
Sara M. Rankin
format Journal article
container_title Injury
container_volume 47
container_issue 3
container_start_page 625
publishDate 2016
institution Swansea University
issn 0020-1383
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.injury.2016.01.017
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description BackgroundBlast injuries from conventional and improvised explosive devices account for 75% of injuries from current conflicts; over 70% of injuries involve the limbs. Variable duration and magnitude of blast wave loading occurs in real-life explosions and is hypothesised to cause different injuries. While a number of in vivo models report the inflammatory response to blast injuries, the extent of this response has not been investigated with respect to the duration of the primary blast wave. The relevance is that explosions in open air are of short duration compared to those in confined spaces.MethodsHindlimbs of adult Sprauge-Dawley rats were subjected to focal isolated primary blast waves of varying overpressure (1.8–3.65 kPa) and duration (3.0–11.5 ms), utilising a shock tube and purpose-built experimental rig. Rats were monitored during and after the blast. At 6 and 24 h after exposure, blood, lungs, liver and muscle tissues were collected and prepared for histology and flow cytometry.ResultsAt 6 h, increases in circulating neutrophils and CD43Lo/His48Hi monocytes were observed in rats subjected to longer-duration blast waves. This was accompanied by increases in circulating pro-inflammatory chemo/cytokines KC and IL-6. No changes were observed with shorter-duration blast waves irrespective of overpressure. In all cases, no histological damage was observed in muscle, lung or liver. By 24 h post-blast, all inflammatory parameters had normalised.ConclusionsWe report the development of a rodent model of primary blast limb trauma that is the first to highlight an important role played by blast wave duration and magnitude in initiating acute inflammatory response following limb injury in the absence of limb fracture or penetrating trauma. The combined biological and mechanical method developed can be used to further understand the complex effects of blast waves in a range of different tissues and organs in vivo.
published_date 2016-03-31T13:20:47Z
_version_ 1821321197196935168
score 11.048042

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