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Underexplored Dimensions of Emerging Indoor Photovoltaics

G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi Orcid Logo, Bruno Damien, Zeynab Skafi, Kezia Sasitharan Orcid Logo, Hani Kanaan, Hasan Alkhatib, Sadok Ben Dkhil, Matt Carnie Orcid Logo, Marina Freitag Orcid Logo, Thomas M. Brown Orcid Logo, Paola Vivo Orcid Logo

ACS Energy Letters

Swansea University Author: Matt Carnie Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acsenergylett.5c03760

Abstract

Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) can significantly reduce reliance on disposable batteries in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Yet, most evaluations use idealized lighting setups and single performance metrics, neglecting the influence of real indoor environments on device performance. This Perspective...

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Published in: ACS Energy Letters
ISSN: 2380-8195 2380-8195
Published: American Chemical Society (ACS) 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71496
Abstract: Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) can significantly reduce reliance on disposable batteries in Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Yet, most evaluations use idealized lighting setups and single performance metrics, neglecting the influence of real indoor environments on device performance. This Perspective advances a deployment-centered approach: (i) realistic testing under mixed or hybrid lighting (daylight + artificial); (ii) intelligent integration that aligns absorber bandgap, series-connected cells, geometric fill factor, and power management integrated circuits with workloads and duty cycles; and (iii) IoT-ready stability assessed under the same realistic indoor scenes and light/dark sequences. We propose a compact field-to-lab pipeline, translate it into voltage-matching design rules, and use photon-to-compute metrics to link harvested power to on-device sensing and learning. The goal is low-maintenance, battery-free nodes that scale reliably in buildings, logistics, and wearable applications─ultimately cutting electronic waste.
Item Description: Perspective
College: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Funders: G.K.G. and P.V. thank the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 101169056. This work is part of the Research Council of Finland Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation (PREIN), decision number 346511. P.V. thanks the Research Council of Finland, Decision No. 347772. Z.S. and T.M.B. acknowledge financial support from the Italian Ministry of University and Research (MUR) through the PRIN2022 PNRR INPOWER (project no. P2022PXS5S) and PRIN2022 REPLACE (project no. 2022C4YNP8) grants. K.S. thanks the Leverhulme Trust for a Leverhulme Early Career Fellowship (ECF-2024-398).

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