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New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments

Marisol Jimenez Cruz, Flavio C. Sánchez Orcid Logo, Gianmassimo Tasinato Orcid Logo

Physical Review D, Volume: 113, Issue: 4

Swansea University Authors: Marisol Jimenez Cruz, Gianmassimo Tasinato Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1103/wy1k-f8bn

Abstract

We propose a new strategy to probe nontensorial polarizations in the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background. Averaging over polarization angles, we find that three-point correlations of the GW signal vanish for tensor and vector modes, while scalar modes generically leave a nonzero imprint. T...

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Published in: Physical Review D
ISSN: 2470-0010 2470-0029
Published: American Physical Society (APS) 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71365
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last_indexed 2026-02-26T05:37:22Z
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spelling 2026-02-25T13:52:00.3421756 v2 71365 2026-02-02 New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments 18ad749387424b787b8f58c75887a968 Marisol Jimenez Cruz Marisol Jimenez Cruz true false cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301 0000-0002-9835-4864 Gianmassimo Tasinato Gianmassimo Tasinato true false 2026-02-02 BGPS We propose a new strategy to probe nontensorial polarizations in the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background. Averaging over polarization angles, we find that three-point correlations of the GW signal vanish for tensor and vector modes, while scalar modes generically leave a nonzero imprint. This property makes the GW bispectrum a distinctive and robust diagnostic of scalar polarizations predicted in theories beyond general relativity. We derive the corresponding response functions for ground-based interferometers, pulsar timing arrays, and astrometric observables, and we construct an optimal estimator together with simple Fisher forecasts for pulsar timing sensitivity. As a proof of principle, we show that second-order GWs sourced by primordial magnetogenesis can be characterized by large three-point functions. Our results demonstrate that GW three-point correlations provide a novel observational window on physics beyond general relativity. Journal Article Physical Review D 113 4 American Physical Society (APS) 2470-0010 2470-0029 4 2 2026 2026-02-04 10.1103/wy1k-f8bn COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University Other We are partially funded by the STFC Grants No. ST/T000813/1 and No. ST/X000648/1. 2026-02-25T13:52:00.3421756 2026-02-02T16:18:05.5674072 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics Marisol Jimenez Cruz 1 Flavio C. Sánchez 0009-0004-1670-9054 2 Gianmassimo Tasinato 0000-0002-9835-4864 3 71365__36312__a981cf541e8f413bb0cb4ecf59ba97d6.pdf 71365.VoR.pdf 2026-02-25T13:32:00.4194337 Output 1625397 application/pdf Version of Record true Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments
spellingShingle New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments
Marisol Jimenez Cruz
Gianmassimo Tasinato
title_short New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments
title_full New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments
title_fullStr New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments
title_full_unstemmed New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments
title_sort New test of modified gravity with gravitational wave experiments
author_id_str_mv 18ad749387424b787b8f58c75887a968
cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301
author_id_fullname_str_mv 18ad749387424b787b8f58c75887a968_***_Marisol Jimenez Cruz
cb754b073d1e4949c5e3db97744d3301_***_Gianmassimo Tasinato
author Marisol Jimenez Cruz
Gianmassimo Tasinato
author2 Marisol Jimenez Cruz
Flavio C. Sánchez
Gianmassimo Tasinato
format Journal article
container_title Physical Review D
container_volume 113
container_issue 4
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 2470-0010
2470-0029
doi_str_mv 10.1103/wy1k-f8bn
publisher American Physical Society (APS)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Physics
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description We propose a new strategy to probe nontensorial polarizations in the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background. Averaging over polarization angles, we find that three-point correlations of the GW signal vanish for tensor and vector modes, while scalar modes generically leave a nonzero imprint. This property makes the GW bispectrum a distinctive and robust diagnostic of scalar polarizations predicted in theories beyond general relativity. We derive the corresponding response functions for ground-based interferometers, pulsar timing arrays, and astrometric observables, and we construct an optimal estimator together with simple Fisher forecasts for pulsar timing sensitivity. As a proof of principle, we show that second-order GWs sourced by primordial magnetogenesis can be characterized by large three-point functions. Our results demonstrate that GW three-point correlations provide a novel observational window on physics beyond general relativity.
published_date 2026-02-04T05:32:33Z
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