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Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model

Mattia Bruno Orcid Logo, Niccolo Forzano, Marco Panero Orcid Logo, Antonio Smecca Orcid Logo

Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Volume: 2026, Issue: 01, Start page: 049

Swansea University Author: Niccolo Forzano

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DOI (Published version): 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/01/049

Abstract

The hypothesis that dark matter could be a bound state of a strongly coupled non-Abelian gauge theory is theoretically appealing and has a variety of interesting phenomenological implications. In particular, an interpretation of dark matter as the lightest glueball state in the spectrum of a dark Ya...

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Published in: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
ISSN: 1475-7516
Published: IOP Publishing 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71322
first_indexed 2026-01-27T15:56:20Z
last_indexed 2026-01-28T05:36:36Z
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spelling 2026-01-27T15:59:49.4261789 v2 71322 2026-01-27 Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model e60be1aa4478b6e530f4bdf6c1cf9857 Niccolo Forzano Niccolo Forzano true false 2026-01-27 MEDS The hypothesis that dark matter could be a bound state of a strongly coupled non-Abelian gauge theory is theoretically appealing and has a variety of interesting phenomenological implications. In particular, an interpretation of dark matter as the lightest glueball state in the spectrum of a dark Yang-Mills theory, possibly coupled to the visible sector only through gravitational interactions, has been discussed quite extensively in the literature, but most of previous work has been focused on dark SU(N) gauge theories. In this article, we consider an alternative model, based on a symplectic gauge group, which has a first-order confinement/deconfinement phase transition at a finite critical temperature. We first determine the equation of state of this theory, focusing on temperatures close to the transition, and evaluating the associated latent heat. Then we discuss the evolution of this dark-matter model in the early universe, commenting on the mechanisms by which it could indirectly interact with the visible sector, on the spectrum of gravitational waves it could produce, and on the relic abundances it would lead to. Our discussion includes an extensive review of relevant literature, a number of comments on similarities and differences between our model and dark SU(N) gauge theories, as well as some possible future extensions of the present study. Journal Article Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2026 01 049 IOP Publishing 1475-7516 dark matter simulations, dark matter theory, cosmological phase transitions, primordial gravitational waves (theory) 26 1 2026 2026-01-26 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/01/049 COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee 2026-01-27T15:59:49.4261789 2026-01-27T15:53:13.6134351 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science Mattia Bruno 0000-0002-5127-4461 1 Niccolo Forzano 2 Marco Panero 0000-0001-9477-3749 3 Antonio Smecca 0000-0002-8887-5826 4 71322__36121__942a443eb2ab4f38989579c9ad43484b.pdf 71322.VoR.pdf 2026-01-27T15:56:55.3272184 Output 1661478 application/pdf Version of Record true ©2026 The Author(s). Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
spellingShingle Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
Niccolo Forzano
title_short Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
title_full Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
title_fullStr Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
title_full_unstemmed Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
title_sort Thermal evolution of dark matter and gravitational-wave production in the early universe from a symplectic glueball model
author_id_str_mv e60be1aa4478b6e530f4bdf6c1cf9857
author_id_fullname_str_mv e60be1aa4478b6e530f4bdf6c1cf9857_***_Niccolo Forzano
author Niccolo Forzano
author2 Mattia Bruno
Niccolo Forzano
Marco Panero
Antonio Smecca
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
container_volume 2026
container_issue 01
container_start_page 049
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 1475-7516
doi_str_mv 10.1088/1475-7516/2026/01/049
publisher IOP Publishing
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Health Data Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The hypothesis that dark matter could be a bound state of a strongly coupled non-Abelian gauge theory is theoretically appealing and has a variety of interesting phenomenological implications. In particular, an interpretation of dark matter as the lightest glueball state in the spectrum of a dark Yang-Mills theory, possibly coupled to the visible sector only through gravitational interactions, has been discussed quite extensively in the literature, but most of previous work has been focused on dark SU(N) gauge theories. In this article, we consider an alternative model, based on a symplectic gauge group, which has a first-order confinement/deconfinement phase transition at a finite critical temperature. We first determine the equation of state of this theory, focusing on temperatures close to the transition, and evaluating the associated latent heat. Then we discuss the evolution of this dark-matter model in the early universe, commenting on the mechanisms by which it could indirectly interact with the visible sector, on the spectrum of gravitational waves it could produce, and on the relic abundances it would lead to. Our discussion includes an extensive review of relevant literature, a number of comments on similarities and differences between our model and dark SU(N) gauge theories, as well as some possible future extensions of the present study.
published_date 2026-01-26T05:37:15Z
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score 11.098395

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