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Virtual Oscillator Control for Grid-Forming Inverters: Recent Advances, Comparative Evaluation, and Small-Signal Analysis
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Meghdad Fazeli ,
Saeed Golestan
Energies, Volume: 18, Issue: 22, Start page: 5981
Swansea University Authors:
HAMED REZAZADEH, Mohammad Monfared , Meghdad Fazeli
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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/en18225981
Abstract
The increasing penetration of renewable energy and electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the need for grid-forming (GFM) inverters capable of supporting frequency and voltage stability. Virtual Oscillator Control (VOC) has recently emerged as a promising time-domain GFM strategy due to its fast dy...
| Published in: | Energies |
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| ISSN: | 1996-1073 |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025
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| Online Access: |
Check full text
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71292 |
| Abstract: |
The increasing penetration of renewable energy and electric vehicles (EVs) has intensified the need for grid-forming (GFM) inverters capable of supporting frequency and voltage stability. Virtual Oscillator Control (VOC) has recently emerged as a promising time-domain GFM strategy due to its fast dynamics and autonomous synchronisation capability. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of recent VOC developments, focusing on the Andronov–Hopf Oscillator (AHO) and its variants. A comparative overview of different VOC structures highlights their capabilities in providing essential services such as dispatchability, fault ride-through (FRT), virtual inertia, and damping. A generalised small-signal state-space model is developed to assess the influence of virtual inertia, grid impedance, and control parameters on transient performance, which is essential for optimal parameter design and controller tuning in various applications. Experimental validation using a 2.5 kVA single-phase inverter shows excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The results confirm that while increased virtual inertia enhances frequency stability, it also introduces oscillations that can be effectively mitigated through damping enhancement. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate that advanced AHO-based strategies successfully deliver vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and vehicle-to-home (V2H) services, confirming their practical applicability in future EV-integrated and renewable-rich power systems. |
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| Keywords: |
electric vehicle (EV); grid-forming (GFM) inverters; small-signal analysis; vehicle-to-grid (V2G); vehicle-to-home (V2H); virtual oscillator control (VOC) |
| College: |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| Funders: |
This research received no external funding. |
| Issue: |
22 |
| Start Page: |
5981 |