The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms

Jian, Jianbo; Chen, Chunhai; Fang, Xiaodong; Workman, Christopher T; Larsen, Thomas Ostenfeld; Li, Yuhang; Sonnenschein, Eva C.

doi:10.1093/dnares/dsaf037

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The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms

Jianbo Jian, Chunhai Chen

, Xiaodong Fang

, Christopher T Workman, Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen, Yuhang Li, Eva C. Sonnenschein

DNA Research, Volume: 33, Issue: 1, Start page: dsaf037

Swansea University Author: Eva C. Sonnenschein

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DOI (Published version): 10.1093/dnares/dsaf037

Abstract

The diatom Pleurosigma pacificum is a newly described tropical pelagic species from the Western Pacific Ocean with one of largest genome size among published diatom genomes, making it an ideal candidate for studying adaptation to tropical open ocean environments and diatom evolution. We employed HiF...

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Published in:	DNA Research
ISSN:	1340-2838 1756-1663
Published:	Oxford University Press (OUP) 2026
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa71156

first_indexed	2025-12-18T10:50:15Z
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spelling	2026-01-15T16:26:34.0306444 v2 71156 2025-12-18 The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms f6a4027578a15ea3e6453a54b849c686 0000-0001-6959-5100 Eva C. Sonnenschein Eva C. Sonnenschein true false 2025-12-18 BGPS The diatom Pleurosigma pacificum is a newly described tropical pelagic species from the Western Pacific Ocean with one of largest genome size among published diatom genomes, making it an ideal candidate for studying adaptation to tropical open ocean environments and diatom evolution. We employed HiFi long-read sequencing to construct a high-quality and contaminant-free genome. The assembled genome is 1.357 Gb in size and consists of 821 contigs with a contig N50 of 3.23 Mb. The GC content is 38.6%, which is much lower than that of other published diatom genomes. The genome contains 27,408 predicted genes, 540 of which were implicated in environmental adaptation. Gene features and gene family comparisons suggest that the primary driver of genome expansion and functional diversification is long terminal repeats (LTR) retrotransposons and tandem duplications. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the clade of P. pacificum is closely associated with other members of Naviculales. The expansion of chlorophyll a/c proteins facilitates the adaptation of P. pacificum to high light conditions in pelagic environments. The percentage of approximately 3.22% horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events is observed in the P. pacificum genome. HGTs are a prevalent phenomenon in diatoms and serve as a common mechanism to enhance their adaptive capabilities. In conclusion, the P. pacificum genome provides important understanding into the development of large genome size and evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms. Journal Article DNA Research 33 1 dsaf037 Oxford University Press (OUP) 1340-2838 1756-1663 diatom, genomics, long-read sequencing 1 2 2026 2026-02-01 10.1093/dnares/dsaf037 COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant numbers 42276099 and 31800171) and STU Scientific Research Initiation Grant (NTF25030T). 2026-01-15T16:26:34.0306444 2025-12-18T10:47:04.3173224 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Jianbo Jian 1 Chunhai Chen 0009-0001-7879-8716 2 Xiaodong Fang 0000-0001-7061-3337 3 Christopher T Workman 4 Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen 5 Yuhang Li 6 Eva C. Sonnenschein 0000-0001-6959-5100 7 71156__36010__dc3c763e5a9d4a108ecf27f9e7e6aa02.pdf 71156.VOR.pdf 2026-01-15T16:24:20.9989620 Output 1302714 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Kazusa DNA Research Institute. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms
spellingShingle	The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms Eva C. Sonnenschein
title_short	The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms
title_full	The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms
title_fullStr	The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms
title_full_unstemmed	The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms
title_sort	The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms
author_id_str_mv	f6a4027578a15ea3e6453a54b849c686
author_id_fullname_str_mv	f6a4027578a15ea3e6453a54b849c686_***_Eva C. Sonnenschein
author	Eva C. Sonnenschein
author2	Jianbo Jian Chunhai Chen Xiaodong Fang Christopher T Workman Thomas Ostenfeld Larsen Yuhang Li Eva C. Sonnenschein
format	Journal article
container_title	DNA Research
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publishDate	2026
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doi_str_mv	10.1093/dnares/dsaf037
publisher	Oxford University Press (OUP)
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description	The diatom Pleurosigma pacificum is a newly described tropical pelagic species from the Western Pacific Ocean with one of largest genome size among published diatom genomes, making it an ideal candidate for studying adaptation to tropical open ocean environments and diatom evolution. We employed HiFi long-read sequencing to construct a high-quality and contaminant-free genome. The assembled genome is 1.357 Gb in size and consists of 821 contigs with a contig N50 of 3.23 Mb. The GC content is 38.6%, which is much lower than that of other published diatom genomes. The genome contains 27,408 predicted genes, 540 of which were implicated in environmental adaptation. Gene features and gene family comparisons suggest that the primary driver of genome expansion and functional diversification is long terminal repeats (LTR) retrotransposons and tandem duplications. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the clade of P. pacificum is closely associated with other members of Naviculales. The expansion of chlorophyll a/c proteins facilitates the adaptation of P. pacificum to high light conditions in pelagic environments. The percentage of approximately 3.22% horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events is observed in the P. pacificum genome. HGTs are a prevalent phenomenon in diatoms and serve as a common mechanism to enhance their adaptive capabilities. In conclusion, the P. pacificum genome provides important understanding into the development of large genome size and evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms.
published_date	2026-02-01T05:34:43Z
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The genome of <i>Pleurosigma</i> provides insights into the evolutionary adaptations of pelagic diatoms

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