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Determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based longitudinal study (COVIDENCE UK)
Mohammad Talaei 
,
Sian Faustini ,
Hayley Holt,
David A. Jolliffe ,
Giulia Vivaldi ,
Matthew Greenig,
Natalia Perdek,
Sheena Maltby,
Carola M. Bigogno,
Jane Symons ,
Gwyneth Davies ,
Ronan Lyons,
Christopher J. Griffiths,
Frank Kee ,
Aziz Sheikh ,
Alex G. Richter ,
Seif O. Shaheen ,
Adrian R. Martineau
,
Sian Faustini ,
Hayley Holt,
David A. Jolliffe ,
Giulia Vivaldi ,
Matthew Greenig,
Natalia Perdek,
Sheena Maltby,
Carola M. Bigogno,
Jane Symons ,
Gwyneth Davies ,
Ronan Lyons,
Christopher J. Griffiths,
Frank Kee ,
Aziz Sheikh ,
Alex G. Richter ,
Seif O. Shaheen ,
Adrian R. Martineau
BMC Medicine, Volume: 20, Issue: 1
Swansea University Authors:
Gwyneth Davies , Ronan Lyons
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© The Author(s) 2022. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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DOI (Published version): 10.1186/s12916-022-02286-4
Abstract
BackgroundProspective population-based studies investigating multiple determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are lacking.MethodsWe did a prospective population-based study in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-naive UK adults recruited between May 1 and November 2, 2020, without a positive...
| Published in: | BMC Medicine |
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| ISSN: | 1741-7015 |
| Published: |
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
2022
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| Online Access: |
Check full text
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70387 |
| Abstract: |
BackgroundProspective population-based studies investigating multiple determinants of pre-vaccination antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are lacking.MethodsWe did a prospective population-based study in SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-naive UK adults recruited between May 1 and November 2, 2020, without a positive swab test result for SARS-CoV-2 prior to enrolment. Information on 88 potential sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical and pharmacological risk factors was obtained through online questionnaires, and combined IgG/IgA/IgM responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein were determined in dried blood spots obtained between November 6, 2020, and April 18, 2021. We used logistic and linear regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and adjusted geometric mean ratios (aGMRs) for potential determinants of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity (all participants) and antibody titres (seropositive participants only), respectively.ResultsOf 11,130 participants, 1696 (15.2%) were seropositive. Factors independently associated with higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity included frontline health/care occupation (aOR 1.86, 95% CI 1.48–2.33), international travel (1.20, 1.07–1.35), number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week: 1.29, 1.06–1.57, P-trend = 0.01), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (1.24, 1.11–1.39), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.65, 1.10–2.49) and alcohol consumption ≥15 vs. 0 units/week (1.23, 1.04–1.46). Light physical exercise associated with lower risk (0.80, 0.70–0.93, for ≥ 10 vs. 0–4 h/week). Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies associated with factors including BMI ≥ 30 vs. < 25 kg/m2 (aGMR 1.10, 1.02–1.19), South Asian vs. White ethnicity (1.22, 1.04–1.44), frontline health/care occupation (1.24, 95% CI 1.11–1.39), international travel (1.11, 1.05–1.16) and number of visits to shops and other indoor public places (≥ 5 vs. 0/week: 1.12, 1.02–1.23, P-trend = 0.01); these associations were not substantially attenuated by adjustment for COVID-19 disease severity.ConclusionsHigher alcohol consumption and lower light physical exercise represent new modifiable risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recognised associations between South Asian ethnic origin and obesity and higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were independent of other sociodemographic, behavioural, nutritional, clinical, and pharmacological factors investigated. Among seropositive participants, higher titres of anti-Spike antibodies in people of South Asian ancestry and in obese people were not explained by greater COVID-19 disease severity in these groups. |
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| Keywords: |
SARS-CoV-2; Serology; Ethnicity; Diet; Micronutrients; Lifestyle; Exercise; Obesity; Alcohol; Occupation |
| College: |
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |
| Funders: |
This study was supported by a grant from Barts Charity to ARM and CJG (MGU0466). The work was carried out with the support of BREATHE - The Health Data Research Hub for Respiratory Health (MC_PC_19004) in partnership with SAIL Databank. BREATHE is funded through the UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund and delivered through Health Data Research UK. MT was supported by a grant from the Rosetrees Trust and The Bloom Foundation (M771) until May 2021 and has been supported by the Barts Charity since then (MGU0570). DAJ is supported by a Barts Charity Lectureship (ref MGU045). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of Barts Charity, BREATHE, or Health Data Research UK. |
| Issue: |
1 |