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Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil

Emelie Chard, Cecilia Jakobsson Bergstad, Kat Steentjes Orcid Logo, Wouter Poortinga, Christina Demski

Frontiers in Psychology, Volume: 15, Start page: 1355969

Swansea University Author: Kat Steentjes Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355969

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Introduction: Gender differences have been identified in both the engagement in and the determinants of sustainable diet behaviours. However, as engagement in pro-environmental behaviours varies across countries, the consistency of gender differences could follow similar patterns. Understanding the...

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Published in: Frontiers in Psychology
ISSN: 1664-1078
Published: Frontiers Media SA 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa70293
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spelling 2025-09-17T13:52:17.6253146 v2 70293 2025-09-05 Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil 54f70b9380022eddcd67398acdca418b 0000-0002-8661-8287 Kat Steentjes Kat Steentjes true false 2025-09-05 PSYS Introduction: Gender differences have been identified in both the engagement in and the determinants of sustainable diet behaviours. However, as engagement in pro-environmental behaviours varies across countries, the consistency of gender differences could follow similar patterns. Understanding the factors underlying gender and country differences in diet intentions is important for determining how to promote sustainable diets in different populations. Methods: Using survey data from the UK, China, Sweden and Brazil (N=4,569), this paper examines the influence of subjective norms, diet-related identity, perceived status of meat consumption, environmental identity and environmental concern on sustainable diet intentions. Multigroup analysis was used to explore gender and country differences in the influence of these variables, and whether gender differences were consistent across the four countries. Results: The findings show that there are gender differences in the influence of diet-related identity and perceived status of meat consumption, as well as cross-country differences in all factors except subjective norms. Holding a strong diet-related meat identity negatively affected sustainable diet intentions in all groups. Crucially, however, gender differences are not consistent across countries. Discussion: These results suggest that individuals’ intentions to engage in sustainable diet behaviours are influenced by nationally unique gender associations. Journal Article Frontiers in Psychology 15 1355969 Frontiers Media SA 1664-1078 diet, sustainability, gender, country comparisons, behavioral intentions, structural equation modeling 29 2 2024 2024-02-29 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355969 COLLEGE NANME Psychology School COLLEGE CODE PSYS Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This project received support from the Economic & Social Research Council (ESRC) through the Centre for Climate Change & Social Transformations (CAST), Grant Ref: ES/S012257/1. 2025-09-17T13:52:17.6253146 2025-09-05T10:06:59.3765066 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology Emelie Chard 1 Cecilia Jakobsson Bergstad 2 Kat Steentjes 0000-0002-8661-8287 3 Wouter Poortinga 4 Christina Demski 5 70293__35104__006cdf54d7634c9eb4314582e9644390.pdf 70293.VOR.pdf 2025-09-17T13:43:45.4930006 Output 971413 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 Chard, Bergstad, Steentjes, Poortinga and Demski. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
spellingShingle Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
Kat Steentjes
title_short Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
title_full Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
title_fullStr Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
title_full_unstemmed Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
title_sort Gender and cross-country differences in the determinants of sustainable diet intentions: a multigroup analysis of the UK, China, Sweden, and Brazil
author_id_str_mv 54f70b9380022eddcd67398acdca418b
author_id_fullname_str_mv 54f70b9380022eddcd67398acdca418b_***_Kat Steentjes
author Kat Steentjes
author2 Emelie Chard
Cecilia Jakobsson Bergstad
Kat Steentjes
Wouter Poortinga
Christina Demski
format Journal article
container_title Frontiers in Psychology
container_volume 15
container_start_page 1355969
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 1664-1078
doi_str_mv 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1355969
publisher Frontiers Media SA
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Introduction: Gender differences have been identified in both the engagement in and the determinants of sustainable diet behaviours. However, as engagement in pro-environmental behaviours varies across countries, the consistency of gender differences could follow similar patterns. Understanding the factors underlying gender and country differences in diet intentions is important for determining how to promote sustainable diets in different populations. Methods: Using survey data from the UK, China, Sweden and Brazil (N=4,569), this paper examines the influence of subjective norms, diet-related identity, perceived status of meat consumption, environmental identity and environmental concern on sustainable diet intentions. Multigroup analysis was used to explore gender and country differences in the influence of these variables, and whether gender differences were consistent across the four countries. Results: The findings show that there are gender differences in the influence of diet-related identity and perceived status of meat consumption, as well as cross-country differences in all factors except subjective norms. Holding a strong diet-related meat identity negatively affected sustainable diet intentions in all groups. Crucially, however, gender differences are not consistent across countries. Discussion: These results suggest that individuals’ intentions to engage in sustainable diet behaviours are influenced by nationally unique gender associations.
published_date 2024-02-29T05:30:29Z
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