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Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing

Ans Al Rashid, Sumama Nuthana Kalva, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo, Muammer Koç

Nanotechnology Reviews, Volume: 14, Issue: 1

Swansea University Author: Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1515/ntrev-2025-0194

Abstract

Magnetoactive polymer composites (MAPCs) are promising smart materials owing to their shape-changing behaviour in response to magnetic fields. MAPCs find promising niches in several applications, including soft robotics, sensors, biomedical implants, smart prosthetics, and flexible electronics. Alth...

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Published in: Nanotechnology Reviews
ISSN: 2191-9097
Published: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69963
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Although several works have reported the synthesis of magnetic-responsive polymer composites, this work utilizes highly magnetic nanoparticles (i.e. cobalt iron oxide) to produce extremely soft MAPCs. Novel MAPCs were developed using room-temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber as the base matrix, incorporating cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4, referred to as CIO) nanoparticles as the magnetic filler. Varying concentrations of CIO nanoparticles (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 3%) were used to synthesize isotropic and anisotropic MAPCs. Silicone/CIO MAPCs were characterized for their microstructural, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties. An increase in the CIO nanoparticle concentration within the silicone matrix resulted in an improved mechanical performance, where a compressive modulus of 0.199&#x2009;MPa for silicone/0.25% CIO improved to 0.340&#x2009;MPa for silicone/3% CIO. Likewise, an improved tensile strength was observed due to particle alignment, resulting in an increase from 1.25&#x2009;MPa (for isotropic samples) to 1.356&#x2009;MPa (for anisotropic samples) in silicone/1% CIO MAPCs. Silicone/CIO MAPCs also revealed a higher failure strain than pure silicone samples. Finally, an improvement in the magnetic properties of MAPCs was observed with increasing CIO concentrations, where increased saturation magnetization from 0.087 to 1.057 EMU/g and remanence from 0.054 to 0.625 EMU/g were recorded with an increase in CIO content from 0.25 to 3% in the silicone matrix. 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spelling 2025-09-04T10:01:15.2997169 v2 69963 2025-07-15 Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd 0000-0002-4616-1104 Mokarram Hossain Mokarram Hossain true false 2025-07-15 ACEM Magnetoactive polymer composites (MAPCs) are promising smart materials owing to their shape-changing behaviour in response to magnetic fields. MAPCs find promising niches in several applications, including soft robotics, sensors, biomedical implants, smart prosthetics, and flexible electronics. Although several works have reported the synthesis of magnetic-responsive polymer composites, this work utilizes highly magnetic nanoparticles (i.e. cobalt iron oxide) to produce extremely soft MAPCs. Novel MAPCs were developed using room-temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber as the base matrix, incorporating cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4, referred to as CIO) nanoparticles as the magnetic filler. Varying concentrations of CIO nanoparticles (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 3%) were used to synthesize isotropic and anisotropic MAPCs. Silicone/CIO MAPCs were characterized for their microstructural, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties. An increase in the CIO nanoparticle concentration within the silicone matrix resulted in an improved mechanical performance, where a compressive modulus of 0.199 MPa for silicone/0.25% CIO improved to 0.340 MPa for silicone/3% CIO. Likewise, an improved tensile strength was observed due to particle alignment, resulting in an increase from 1.25 MPa (for isotropic samples) to 1.356 MPa (for anisotropic samples) in silicone/1% CIO MAPCs. Silicone/CIO MAPCs also revealed a higher failure strain than pure silicone samples. Finally, an improvement in the magnetic properties of MAPCs was observed with increasing CIO concentrations, where increased saturation magnetization from 0.087 to 1.057 EMU/g and remanence from 0.054 to 0.625 EMU/g were recorded with an increase in CIO content from 0.25 to 3% in the silicone matrix. The silicone/CIO composites exhibited suitable magnetic responsiveness and mechanical characteristics that make them promising materials for applications in remote actuation and sensing. Journal Article Nanotechnology Reviews 14 1 Walter de Gruyter GmbH 2191-9097 MAPCs; soft materials; magnetic response; remote sensing; actuation 0 0 0 0001-01-01 10.1515/ntrev-2025-0194 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University Other M. Hossain acknowledges the support of the EPSRC via a Standard Grant (EP/Z535710/1) and the Royal Society (UK) through the International Exchange Grant (IEC/NSFC/211316). 2025-09-04T10:01:15.2997169 2025-07-15T09:53:36.5508007 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Ans Al Rashid 1 Sumama Nuthana Kalva 2 Mokarram Hossain 0000-0002-4616-1104 3 Muammer Koç 4 69963__34761__20f40b2fd51747cbac8f5516b804a82f.pdf 69963.pdf 2025-07-15T09:57:49.6662452 Output 6617269 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing
spellingShingle Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing
Mokarram Hossain
title_short Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing
title_full Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing
title_fullStr Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing
title_full_unstemmed Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing
title_sort Cobalt iron oxide-infused silicone nanocomposites: Magnetoactive materials for remote actuation and sensing
author_id_str_mv 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd
author_id_fullname_str_mv 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd_***_Mokarram Hossain
author Mokarram Hossain
author2 Ans Al Rashid
Sumama Nuthana Kalva
Mokarram Hossain
Muammer Koç
format Journal article
container_title Nanotechnology Reviews
container_volume 14
container_issue 1
institution Swansea University
issn 2191-9097
doi_str_mv 10.1515/ntrev-2025-0194
publisher Walter de Gruyter GmbH
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
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description Magnetoactive polymer composites (MAPCs) are promising smart materials owing to their shape-changing behaviour in response to magnetic fields. MAPCs find promising niches in several applications, including soft robotics, sensors, biomedical implants, smart prosthetics, and flexible electronics. Although several works have reported the synthesis of magnetic-responsive polymer composites, this work utilizes highly magnetic nanoparticles (i.e. cobalt iron oxide) to produce extremely soft MAPCs. Novel MAPCs were developed using room-temperature vulcanizing (RTV) silicone rubber as the base matrix, incorporating cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4, referred to as CIO) nanoparticles as the magnetic filler. Varying concentrations of CIO nanoparticles (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 3%) were used to synthesize isotropic and anisotropic MAPCs. Silicone/CIO MAPCs were characterized for their microstructural, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties. An increase in the CIO nanoparticle concentration within the silicone matrix resulted in an improved mechanical performance, where a compressive modulus of 0.199 MPa for silicone/0.25% CIO improved to 0.340 MPa for silicone/3% CIO. Likewise, an improved tensile strength was observed due to particle alignment, resulting in an increase from 1.25 MPa (for isotropic samples) to 1.356 MPa (for anisotropic samples) in silicone/1% CIO MAPCs. Silicone/CIO MAPCs also revealed a higher failure strain than pure silicone samples. Finally, an improvement in the magnetic properties of MAPCs was observed with increasing CIO concentrations, where increased saturation magnetization from 0.087 to 1.057 EMU/g and remanence from 0.054 to 0.625 EMU/g were recorded with an increase in CIO content from 0.25 to 3% in the silicone matrix. The silicone/CIO composites exhibited suitable magnetic responsiveness and mechanical characteristics that make them promising materials for applications in remote actuation and sensing.
published_date 0001-01-01T05:29:35Z
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