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"Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review / EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA

Swansea University Author: EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA

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Abstract

Rabies is a highly fatal infectious disease that is mostly transmitted by dogs which serve as the primary host of the virus via the virus rich saliva which gains entry mostly through dog bite in other susceptible warm-blooded hosts like humans. The zoonotic nature of this disease makes it of importa...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2024
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Ikpeme, Moses
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69795
first_indexed 2025-06-23T12:29:39Z
last_indexed 2025-06-24T04:56:13Z
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recordtype RisThesis
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To generate relevant evidence to ascertain the prevalence of rabies among hunters and butchers in Northern Nigeria, 11 medical databases were searched using a systematic approach wherein results were reported in a PRISMA diagram. All 5 studies which met the inclusion criteria used a cross sectional study design and thus were critically appraised using JBI checklist to assess the risk of bias. Northern States captured under these 5 studies include Taraba, Kaduna, Gombe and Kogi where relevant data from these studies were extracted and underlying themes like demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude of dog owners, vaccine coverage of dogs, dog bite cases and rabies detection from dog samples were generated. Synthesis from the results showed that the risk of dog bite was higher in individuals who kept dogs for meat consumption and for slaughter (30.6%) thus making the practice of dog meat consumption a risk factor where hunters and butchers are an occupational group at high risk of infection. Most dog owners also did not have sufficient knowledge on the clinical signs of rabies and what steps to take in the event of a possible rabies exposure. Records over a 10-year period showed that among other Northern States, Taraba State had the lowest rate of vaccination coverage in dogs with 13.5%. The prevalence of rabies in Northern Nigeria has continued to increase from the earliest study in 2013 to the latest in 2020 with Gombe State having the highest rates of rabies positive samples of 60%. The use of cross-sectional study design by all included studies limited the ability to determine whether there was a direct causal association between the exposure (dog meat) and the outcome (rabies) among the population (hunters and butchers) however, this occupation and the practice of dog meat consumption are risk factors in the prevalence of rabies not only in Northern Nigeria but across the country. 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Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Third party content is excluded for use under the license terms.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2025-06-23T14:57:02.0459650 v2 69795 2025-06-23 "Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review 733c10b03dcd8f45a1f15afb41aef5af EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA true false 2025-06-23 Rabies is a highly fatal infectious disease that is mostly transmitted by dogs which serve as the primary host of the virus via the virus rich saliva which gains entry mostly through dog bite in other susceptible warm-blooded hosts like humans. The zoonotic nature of this disease makes it of important public health significance across the world with low-income countries like Nigeria bearing most of the burdens of high mortality. To generate relevant evidence to ascertain the prevalence of rabies among hunters and butchers in Northern Nigeria, 11 medical databases were searched using a systematic approach wherein results were reported in a PRISMA diagram. All 5 studies which met the inclusion criteria used a cross sectional study design and thus were critically appraised using JBI checklist to assess the risk of bias. Northern States captured under these 5 studies include Taraba, Kaduna, Gombe and Kogi where relevant data from these studies were extracted and underlying themes like demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude of dog owners, vaccine coverage of dogs, dog bite cases and rabies detection from dog samples were generated. Synthesis from the results showed that the risk of dog bite was higher in individuals who kept dogs for meat consumption and for slaughter (30.6%) thus making the practice of dog meat consumption a risk factor where hunters and butchers are an occupational group at high risk of infection. Most dog owners also did not have sufficient knowledge on the clinical signs of rabies and what steps to take in the event of a possible rabies exposure. Records over a 10-year period showed that among other Northern States, Taraba State had the lowest rate of vaccination coverage in dogs with 13.5%. The prevalence of rabies in Northern Nigeria has continued to increase from the earliest study in 2013 to the latest in 2020 with Gombe State having the highest rates of rabies positive samples of 60%. The use of cross-sectional study design by all included studies limited the ability to determine whether there was a direct causal association between the exposure (dog meat) and the outcome (rabies) among the population (hunters and butchers) however, this occupation and the practice of dog meat consumption are risk factors in the prevalence of rabies not only in Northern Nigeria but across the country. The ‘Zero by 30’ goal provides a formidable intervention plan all individuals, stakeholders, health professionals across disciplines and countries can adopt to end dog mediated human rabies by 2030. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Rabies, Hunters, Butchers, Northern Nigeria, One Health, Zero by 30 28 1 2024 2024-01-28 ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7855-0784 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Ikpeme, Moses Master of Research MSc by Research 2025-06-23T14:57:02.0459650 2025-06-23T13:25:56.6473666 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Health and Social Care - Public Health EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA 1 69795__34545__6eb417fb22bd438b93bffbcc2ea73dde.pdf Shiawoya_Emmanuel_Y_MSc_Research_Thesis_Final_Cronfa.pdf 2025-06-23T13:45:56.4684819 Output 1353180 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The Author, Emmanuel Yebo Shiawoya, 2024. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Third party content is excluded for use under the license terms. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title "Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review
spellingShingle "Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review
EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA
title_short "Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review
title_full "Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review
title_fullStr "Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed "Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review
title_sort "Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review
author_id_str_mv 733c10b03dcd8f45a1f15afb41aef5af
author_id_fullname_str_mv 733c10b03dcd8f45a1f15afb41aef5af_***_EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA
author EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA
author2 EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA
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publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Health and Social Care - Public Health{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Health and Social Care - Public Health
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description Rabies is a highly fatal infectious disease that is mostly transmitted by dogs which serve as the primary host of the virus via the virus rich saliva which gains entry mostly through dog bite in other susceptible warm-blooded hosts like humans. The zoonotic nature of this disease makes it of important public health significance across the world with low-income countries like Nigeria bearing most of the burdens of high mortality. To generate relevant evidence to ascertain the prevalence of rabies among hunters and butchers in Northern Nigeria, 11 medical databases were searched using a systematic approach wherein results were reported in a PRISMA diagram. All 5 studies which met the inclusion criteria used a cross sectional study design and thus were critically appraised using JBI checklist to assess the risk of bias. Northern States captured under these 5 studies include Taraba, Kaduna, Gombe and Kogi where relevant data from these studies were extracted and underlying themes like demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude of dog owners, vaccine coverage of dogs, dog bite cases and rabies detection from dog samples were generated. Synthesis from the results showed that the risk of dog bite was higher in individuals who kept dogs for meat consumption and for slaughter (30.6%) thus making the practice of dog meat consumption a risk factor where hunters and butchers are an occupational group at high risk of infection. Most dog owners also did not have sufficient knowledge on the clinical signs of rabies and what steps to take in the event of a possible rabies exposure. Records over a 10-year period showed that among other Northern States, Taraba State had the lowest rate of vaccination coverage in dogs with 13.5%. The prevalence of rabies in Northern Nigeria has continued to increase from the earliest study in 2013 to the latest in 2020 with Gombe State having the highest rates of rabies positive samples of 60%. The use of cross-sectional study design by all included studies limited the ability to determine whether there was a direct causal association between the exposure (dog meat) and the outcome (rabies) among the population (hunters and butchers) however, this occupation and the practice of dog meat consumption are risk factors in the prevalence of rabies not only in Northern Nigeria but across the country. The ‘Zero by 30’ goal provides a formidable intervention plan all individuals, stakeholders, health professionals across disciplines and countries can adopt to end dog mediated human rabies by 2030.
published_date 2024-01-28T05:28:16Z
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