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"Prevalence of rabies among butchers and hunters in Northern Nigeria" - a systematic review / EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA
Swansea University Author: EMMANUEL SHIAWOYA
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Copyright: The Author, Emmanuel Yebo Shiawoya, 2024. Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Third party content is excluded for use under the license terms.
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Abstract
Rabies is a highly fatal infectious disease that is mostly transmitted by dogs which serve as the primary host of the virus via the virus rich saliva which gains entry mostly through dog bite in other susceptible warm-blooded hosts like humans. The zoonotic nature of this disease makes it of importa...
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Swansea, Wales, UK
2024
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| Institution: | Swansea University |
| Degree level: | Master of Research |
| Degree name: | MSc by Research |
| Supervisor: | Ikpeme, Moses |
| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69795 |
| Abstract: |
Rabies is a highly fatal infectious disease that is mostly transmitted by dogs which serve as the primary host of the virus via the virus rich saliva which gains entry mostly through dog bite in other susceptible warm-blooded hosts like humans. The zoonotic nature of this disease makes it of important public health significance across the world with low-income countries like Nigeria bearing most of the burdens of high mortality. To generate relevant evidence to ascertain the prevalence of rabies among hunters and butchers in Northern Nigeria, 11 medical databases were searched using a systematic approach wherein results were reported in a PRISMA diagram. All 5 studies which met the inclusion criteria used a cross sectional study design and thus were critically appraised using JBI checklist to assess the risk of bias. Northern States captured under these 5 studies include Taraba, Kaduna, Gombe and Kogi where relevant data from these studies were extracted and underlying themes like demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude of dog owners, vaccine coverage of dogs, dog bite cases and rabies detection from dog samples were generated. Synthesis from the results showed that the risk of dog bite was higher in individuals who kept dogs for meat consumption and for slaughter (30.6%) thus making the practice of dog meat consumption a risk factor where hunters and butchers are an occupational group at high risk of infection. Most dog owners also did not have sufficient knowledge on the clinical signs of rabies and what steps to take in the event of a possible rabies exposure. Records over a 10-year period showed that among other Northern States, Taraba State had the lowest rate of vaccination coverage in dogs with 13.5%. The prevalence of rabies in Northern Nigeria has continued to increase from the earliest study in 2013 to the latest in 2020 with Gombe State having the highest rates of rabies positive samples of 60%. The use of cross-sectional study design by all included studies limited the ability to determine whether there was a direct causal association between the exposure (dog meat) and the outcome (rabies) among the population (hunters and butchers) however, this occupation and the practice of dog meat consumption are risk factors in the prevalence of rabies not only in Northern Nigeria but across the country. The ‘Zero by 30’ goal provides a formidable intervention plan all individuals, stakeholders, health professionals across disciplines and countries can adopt to end dog mediated human rabies by 2030. |
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| Item Description: |
ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7855-0784 |
| Keywords: |
Rabies, Hunters, Butchers, Northern Nigeria, One Health, Zero by 30 |
| College: |
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |