In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation

Kendall, Megan; Auinger, Michael; J., Cadyn L.; Owen, Chris; Sackett, Elizabeth

doi:10.3390/ma18112463

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In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation

Megan Kendall, Michael Auinger

, Cadyn L. J. Robinson, Chris Owen, Elizabeth Sackett

Materials, Volume: 18, Issue: 11, Start page: 2463

Swansea University Authors: Megan Kendall, Elizabeth Sackett

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/ma18112463

Abstract

Conveyance tube manufacturing via a hot-finished, welded route is an energy-intensive process that promotes the rapid surface oxidation of curved surfaces. Previous studies have used computational and theoretical techniques to assess the oxidation of curved surfaces. However, experimental techniques...

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Published in:	Materials
ISSN:	1996-1944
Published:	MDPI AG 2025
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa69554

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spelling	2025-06-11T12:17:53.7097925 v2 69554 2025-05-22 In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation 16135082bde3ded46ca88db100316227 Megan Kendall Megan Kendall true false 55d1695a53656de6b0bdfa4c08d8bcd4 0000-0002-5975-6967 Elizabeth Sackett Elizabeth Sackett true false 2025-05-22 Conveyance tube manufacturing via a hot-finished, welded route is an energy-intensive process that promotes the rapid surface oxidation of curved surfaces. Previous studies have used computational and theoretical techniques to assess the oxidation of curved surfaces. However, experimental techniques for assessing the oxidation of curved surfaces, as well as for validating existing computational and analytical studies, have significant limitations that impact their ability to accurately recreate industrial processes. The challenges of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for in situ tests for the oxidation of cylindrical geometries were investigated, using an as-welded conveyance tube, and compared to an equivalent tube normalised in industry as well as computational predictions for the same geometry and thermal conditions. A core element of this work was the use of a refractory dummy sample to quantify thermal buoyancy and flow-induced vibration. There was a strong agreement between the oxide mass gain predicted by a computational model compared to that of the TGA sample, with only a 5% discrepancy. However, oxide thickness gain, measured using electron microscopy, showed poor agreement, particularly when comparing industrial and experimental results. This was attributed to the need for further work to account for transient heating, oxide porosity, atmospheric composition variation, and the effect of thermomechanical operations during conveyance tube manufacturing, e.g., hydraulic descaling. Journal Article Materials 18 11 2463 MDPI AG 1996-1944 oxidation; steel; heat treatment; thermogravimetric analysis; modelling; geometric effects 24 5 2025 2025-05-24 10.3390/ma18112463 (This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Materials in Modern Manufacturing Processes: Design, Performance and Applied Research) COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University External research funder(s) paid the OA fee (includes OA grants disbursed by the Library) UKRI (EP/S02252X/1) 2025-06-11T12:17:53.7097925 2025-05-22T13:03:15.2961113 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Megan Kendall 1 Michael Auinger 0000-0001-8726-6511 2 Cadyn L. J. Robinson 3 Chris Owen 4 Elizabeth Sackett 0000-0002-5975-6967 5 69554__34459__52e3801d53ad445985d07cc0b8ce8b9a.pdf 69554.VoR.pdf 2025-06-11T12:10:10.9140547 Output 12789300 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2025 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation
spellingShingle	In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation Megan Kendall Elizabeth Sackett
title_short	In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation
title_full	In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation
title_fullStr	In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation
title_full_unstemmed	In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation
title_sort	In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation
author_id_str_mv	16135082bde3ded46ca88db100316227 55d1695a53656de6b0bdfa4c08d8bcd4
author_id_fullname_str_mv	16135082bde3ded46ca88db100316227_*_Megan Kendall 55d1695a53656de6b0bdfa4c08d8bcd4_*_Elizabeth Sackett
author	Megan Kendall Elizabeth Sackett
author2	Megan Kendall Michael Auinger Cadyn L. J. Robinson Chris Owen Elizabeth Sackett
format	Journal article
container_title	Materials
container_volume	18
container_issue	11
container_start_page	2463
publishDate	2025
institution	Swansea University
issn	1996-1944
doi_str_mv	10.3390/ma18112463
publisher	MDPI AG
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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description	Conveyance tube manufacturing via a hot-finished, welded route is an energy-intensive process that promotes the rapid surface oxidation of curved surfaces. Previous studies have used computational and theoretical techniques to assess the oxidation of curved surfaces. However, experimental techniques for assessing the oxidation of curved surfaces, as well as for validating existing computational and analytical studies, have significant limitations that impact their ability to accurately recreate industrial processes. The challenges of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for in situ tests for the oxidation of cylindrical geometries were investigated, using an as-welded conveyance tube, and compared to an equivalent tube normalised in industry as well as computational predictions for the same geometry and thermal conditions. A core element of this work was the use of a refractory dummy sample to quantify thermal buoyancy and flow-induced vibration. There was a strong agreement between the oxide mass gain predicted by a computational model compared to that of the TGA sample, with only a 5% discrepancy. However, oxide thickness gain, measured using electron microscopy, showed poor agreement, particularly when comparing industrial and experimental results. This was attributed to the need for further work to account for transient heating, oxide porosity, atmospheric composition variation, and the effect of thermomechanical operations during conveyance tube manufacturing, e.g., hydraulic descaling.
published_date	2025-05-24T05:28:30Z
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In Situ Thermogravimetric Analysis of Curved Surfaces During High-Temperature Oxidation

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