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The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic? / JUN ZALDUA

Swansea University Author: JUN ZALDUA

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Abstract

Introduction Despite the well documented benefits of regular exercise, acute exercise induces a transient hypercoagulable state with increasing risk of thrombotic disease with age and intensity. While prior studies have used various conventional coagulation tests in studying the influence of exercis...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2025
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Evans, Phillip A. ; Hawkins, Karl
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68913
first_indexed 2025-02-18T10:55:49Z
last_indexed 2025-02-19T07:29:11Z
id cronfa68913
recordtype RisThesis
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spelling 2025-02-18T11:10:36.0215386 v2 68913 2025-02-18 The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic? c763735fb32765e0262f70df9b8575f4 JUN ZALDUA JUN ZALDUA true false 2025-02-18 Introduction Despite the well documented benefits of regular exercise, acute exercise induces a transient hypercoagulable state with increasing risk of thrombotic disease with age and intensity. While prior studies have used various conventional coagulation tests in studying the influence of exercise on coagulation, limited attention has been given to clot microstructure and contraction profile in well-trained individuals of middle to older age. Our aim was to identify effects of exercise on these variables using hemorheological biomarkers. Materials and methods Twenty-eight male and female runners aged over 40 years completed a 10 km run at moderate intensity. Of these runners,14 were reinvited to complete a 3 km run to exhaustion. Blood samples were drawn at three time-points, baseline, immediately after exercise and after 1 hour of recovery. Structural biomarker df and measurements of mature clot mechanical properties (Maximum Contractile Force and G’Max) were analysed alongside conventional coagulation markers. Results While df remained stable following long moderate intensity exercise, higher intensity exercise caused an increase in df indicating a hypercoagulable phase. Following an hour of rest, df returned to baseline. These results indicate that the effect of acute exercise on hypercoagulability is intensity dependent and transient. Maximum Contractile Force (CFMax) was reduced by exercise, irrespective of intensity. This effect was lower after an hour of rest, suggesting that some unknown initial compensatory mechanisms are outlasted by a longer period of reduced contractile force. Conclusion df and CFMax detected the hypercoagulable phase that occurred in trained older individuals as a result of exercise. Investigating these effects in more sentient populations could allow risk stratification of exercise rehabilitation programmes and their intensity. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Clot microstructure, clot mass, clot contraction, exercise, physical activity, middle-aged adults, endurance-trained, runners 11 1 2025 2025-01-11 ORCiD identifier: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0315-5852 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Evans, Phillip A. ; Hawkins, Karl Master of Research MSc by Research 2025-02-18T11:10:36.0215386 2025-02-18T10:52:27.5365186 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science JUN ZALDUA 1 68913__33614__33d5f7d9e95849a4aaded1e69c7aaa6d.pdf Zaldua_Jun_C_M_MSc_Research_Thesis_Final_Cronfa.pdf 2025-02-18T11:07:37.2437422 Output 3286249 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The Author, Jun Cezar M. Zaldua, 2025. Licensed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial No–Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) license. Third party content is excluded for use under the license terms. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en
title The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic?
spellingShingle The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic?
JUN ZALDUA
title_short The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic?
title_full The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic?
title_fullStr The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic?
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic?
title_sort The Effect of Endurance Exercise and its Intensity in Middle- aged Runners; Are they Thrombogenic?
author_id_str_mv c763735fb32765e0262f70df9b8575f4
author_id_fullname_str_mv c763735fb32765e0262f70df9b8575f4_***_JUN ZALDUA
author JUN ZALDUA
author2 JUN ZALDUA
format E-Thesis
publishDate 2025
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Biomedical Science
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Introduction Despite the well documented benefits of regular exercise, acute exercise induces a transient hypercoagulable state with increasing risk of thrombotic disease with age and intensity. While prior studies have used various conventional coagulation tests in studying the influence of exercise on coagulation, limited attention has been given to clot microstructure and contraction profile in well-trained individuals of middle to older age. Our aim was to identify effects of exercise on these variables using hemorheological biomarkers. Materials and methods Twenty-eight male and female runners aged over 40 years completed a 10 km run at moderate intensity. Of these runners,14 were reinvited to complete a 3 km run to exhaustion. Blood samples were drawn at three time-points, baseline, immediately after exercise and after 1 hour of recovery. Structural biomarker df and measurements of mature clot mechanical properties (Maximum Contractile Force and G’Max) were analysed alongside conventional coagulation markers. Results While df remained stable following long moderate intensity exercise, higher intensity exercise caused an increase in df indicating a hypercoagulable phase. Following an hour of rest, df returned to baseline. These results indicate that the effect of acute exercise on hypercoagulability is intensity dependent and transient. Maximum Contractile Force (CFMax) was reduced by exercise, irrespective of intensity. This effect was lower after an hour of rest, suggesting that some unknown initial compensatory mechanisms are outlasted by a longer period of reduced contractile force. Conclusion df and CFMax detected the hypercoagulable phase that occurred in trained older individuals as a result of exercise. Investigating these effects in more sentient populations could allow risk stratification of exercise rehabilitation programmes and their intensity.
published_date 2025-01-11T05:26:46Z
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score 11.089407

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