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Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers

YUE WU, Ariana Antonangelo, Caterina Bezzu Orcid Logo, Mariolino Carta Orcid Logo

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Swansea University Authors: YUE WU, Ariana Antonangelo, Caterina Bezzu Orcid Logo, Mariolino Carta Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1021/acsami.4c15333

Abstract

This study shows the multistep synthesis of a series of Tröger’s base polymers of intrinsic microporosity (TB-PIMs) based on a hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) core, with a focus on evaluating their thermal stability, porosity, and CO2 capture performance. Both ladder and linear structures were prepared, des...

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Published in: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
ISSN: 1944-8244 1944-8252
Published: American Chemical Society (ACS) 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa68302
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Both ladder and linear structures were prepared, designed to feature tunable nitrogen content and porosity. Our findings demonstrate that polymers with higher nitrogen content, such as tetra-TB-HPB, exhibit superior CO2 affinity and selectivity, attributed to enhanced interactions with CO2 and optimized micropore sizes. Linear TB-polymers 1 and 2 are also made for comparison and show competitive performance in carbon capture, suggesting that cost-effective, simpler-to-synthesize materials can achieve efficient gas separation. The study reveals that increased porosity significantly enhances CO2 capacity and selectivity, particularly in networked TB-HPB-PIMs with high surface areas and narrow micropores, achieving values up to 544 m2 g&#x2013;1, CO2 uptake of 2.00 mmol g&#x2013;1, and CO2/N2 selectivity of 45.6. The thermal properties of these materials, assessed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), show that TB-HPB-PIMs maintain robust thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere, with tetra- and hexa-TB-HPBs leading the series. However, in oxidative environments, denser polymers such as TB-HPB and linear TB-polymer 1 demonstrate higher performance, likely due to restricted air diffusion. Overall, our findings highlight the critical need to balance porosity and thermal stability in TB-HPB-PIMs for applications in gas separation, carbon capture, and the potential for these polymers as flame retardant materials. Tetra-TB-HPB stands out as the most promising material for CO2 capture and thermal stability under inert conditions, while denser polymers like TB-HPB offer superior performance in oxidative environments.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>ACS Applied Materials &amp; Interfaces</journal><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher>American Chemical Society (ACS)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>1944-8244</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1944-8252</issnElectronic><keywords>Hexaphenylbenzene, Tr&#xF6;ger&#x2019;s base, PIMs, flame retardants, gas adsorption, carbon capture</keywords><publishedDay>3</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-12-03</publishedDate><doi>10.1021/acsami.4c15333</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>Dr M.C., Dr A.R.A. and Y.W. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Grant number: EP/T007362/1 &#x201C;Novel polymers of intrinsic microporosity for heterogeneous base-catalysed reactions (HBC-PIMs)&#x201D; and Swansea University. Dr M.C. and Dr C.G.B gratefully acknowledge UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government&#x2019;s Horizon Europe funding guarantee [grant number 10083164] associated with DAM4CO2 (Double-Active Membranes for a sustainable CO2 cycle; HORIZON-EIC-2022-PATHFINDERCHALLENGES-01-Number: 101115488).</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-12-16T10:20:34.4352122</lastEdited><Created>2024-11-19T14:29:34.2508829</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry</level></path><authors><author><firstname>YUE</firstname><surname>WU</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Ariana</firstname><surname>Antonangelo</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Caterina</firstname><surname>Bezzu</surname><orcid>0000-0001-6918-8281</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Mariolino</firstname><surname>Carta</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0718-6971</orcid><order>4</order></author></authors><documents/><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2024-12-16T10:20:34.4352122 v2 68302 2024-11-19 Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers a0ecf03ae879c40cd3740391e4af4f62 YUE WU YUE WU true false 4565af0854d884b5f995af8f5dc652fc Ariana Antonangelo Ariana Antonangelo true false 0ae638b129bf53b1ba5162afa9374e08 0000-0001-6918-8281 Caterina Bezzu Caterina Bezzu true false 56aebf2bba457f395149bbecbfa6d3eb 0000-0003-0718-6971 Mariolino Carta Mariolino Carta true false 2024-11-19 This study shows the multistep synthesis of a series of Tröger’s base polymers of intrinsic microporosity (TB-PIMs) based on a hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) core, with a focus on evaluating their thermal stability, porosity, and CO2 capture performance. Both ladder and linear structures were prepared, designed to feature tunable nitrogen content and porosity. Our findings demonstrate that polymers with higher nitrogen content, such as tetra-TB-HPB, exhibit superior CO2 affinity and selectivity, attributed to enhanced interactions with CO2 and optimized micropore sizes. Linear TB-polymers 1 and 2 are also made for comparison and show competitive performance in carbon capture, suggesting that cost-effective, simpler-to-synthesize materials can achieve efficient gas separation. The study reveals that increased porosity significantly enhances CO2 capacity and selectivity, particularly in networked TB-HPB-PIMs with high surface areas and narrow micropores, achieving values up to 544 m2 g–1, CO2 uptake of 2.00 mmol g–1, and CO2/N2 selectivity of 45.6. The thermal properties of these materials, assessed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), show that TB-HPB-PIMs maintain robust thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere, with tetra- and hexa-TB-HPBs leading the series. However, in oxidative environments, denser polymers such as TB-HPB and linear TB-polymer 1 demonstrate higher performance, likely due to restricted air diffusion. Overall, our findings highlight the critical need to balance porosity and thermal stability in TB-HPB-PIMs for applications in gas separation, carbon capture, and the potential for these polymers as flame retardant materials. Tetra-TB-HPB stands out as the most promising material for CO2 capture and thermal stability under inert conditions, while denser polymers like TB-HPB offer superior performance in oxidative environments. Journal Article ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces American Chemical Society (ACS) 1944-8244 1944-8252 Hexaphenylbenzene, Tröger’s base, PIMs, flame retardants, gas adsorption, carbon capture 3 12 2024 2024-12-03 10.1021/acsami.4c15333 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Dr M.C., Dr A.R.A. and Y.W. gratefully acknowledge funding from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Grant number: EP/T007362/1 “Novel polymers of intrinsic microporosity for heterogeneous base-catalysed reactions (HBC-PIMs)” and Swansea University. Dr M.C. and Dr C.G.B gratefully acknowledge UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) under the UK government’s Horizon Europe funding guarantee [grant number 10083164] associated with DAM4CO2 (Double-Active Membranes for a sustainable CO2 cycle; HORIZON-EIC-2022-PATHFINDERCHALLENGES-01-Number: 101115488). 2024-12-16T10:20:34.4352122 2024-11-19T14:29:34.2508829 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry YUE WU 1 Ariana Antonangelo 2 Caterina Bezzu 0000-0001-6918-8281 3 Mariolino Carta 0000-0003-0718-6971 4
title Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers
spellingShingle Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers
YUE WU
Ariana Antonangelo
Caterina Bezzu
Mariolino Carta
title_short Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers
title_full Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers
title_fullStr Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers
title_full_unstemmed Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers
title_sort Highly Thermally Stable and Gas Selective Hexaphenylbenzene Tröger’s Base Microporous Polymers
author_id_str_mv a0ecf03ae879c40cd3740391e4af4f62
4565af0854d884b5f995af8f5dc652fc
0ae638b129bf53b1ba5162afa9374e08
56aebf2bba457f395149bbecbfa6d3eb
author_id_fullname_str_mv a0ecf03ae879c40cd3740391e4af4f62_***_YUE WU
4565af0854d884b5f995af8f5dc652fc_***_Ariana Antonangelo
0ae638b129bf53b1ba5162afa9374e08_***_Caterina Bezzu
56aebf2bba457f395149bbecbfa6d3eb_***_Mariolino Carta
author YUE WU
Ariana Antonangelo
Caterina Bezzu
Mariolino Carta
author2 YUE WU
Ariana Antonangelo
Caterina Bezzu
Mariolino Carta
format Journal article
container_title ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 1944-8244
1944-8252
doi_str_mv 10.1021/acsami.4c15333
publisher American Chemical Society (ACS)
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Chemistry
document_store_str 0
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description This study shows the multistep synthesis of a series of Tröger’s base polymers of intrinsic microporosity (TB-PIMs) based on a hexaphenylbenzene (HPB) core, with a focus on evaluating their thermal stability, porosity, and CO2 capture performance. Both ladder and linear structures were prepared, designed to feature tunable nitrogen content and porosity. Our findings demonstrate that polymers with higher nitrogen content, such as tetra-TB-HPB, exhibit superior CO2 affinity and selectivity, attributed to enhanced interactions with CO2 and optimized micropore sizes. Linear TB-polymers 1 and 2 are also made for comparison and show competitive performance in carbon capture, suggesting that cost-effective, simpler-to-synthesize materials can achieve efficient gas separation. The study reveals that increased porosity significantly enhances CO2 capacity and selectivity, particularly in networked TB-HPB-PIMs with high surface areas and narrow micropores, achieving values up to 544 m2 g–1, CO2 uptake of 2.00 mmol g–1, and CO2/N2 selectivity of 45.6. The thermal properties of these materials, assessed via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), show that TB-HPB-PIMs maintain robust thermal stability in nitrogen atmosphere, with tetra- and hexa-TB-HPBs leading the series. However, in oxidative environments, denser polymers such as TB-HPB and linear TB-polymer 1 demonstrate higher performance, likely due to restricted air diffusion. Overall, our findings highlight the critical need to balance porosity and thermal stability in TB-HPB-PIMs for applications in gas separation, carbon capture, and the potential for these polymers as flame retardant materials. Tetra-TB-HPB stands out as the most promising material for CO2 capture and thermal stability under inert conditions, while denser polymers like TB-HPB offer superior performance in oxidative environments.
published_date 2024-12-03T08:36:27Z
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