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Performance of a Full-Scale Upstream MAPS-Based Verification Device for Radiotherapy

Jaap Velthuis, Yutong Li Orcid Logo, Jordan Pritchard Orcid Logo, Chiara De Sio Orcid Logo, Lana Beck Orcid Logo, Richard Hugtenburg Orcid Logo

Sensors, Volume: 23, Issue: 4, Start page: 1799

Swansea University Authors: Jaap Velthuis, Richard Hugtenburg Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/s23041799

Abstract

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is a widely used technique for accurately targeting cancerous tumours in difficult locations using dynamically shaped beams. This is ideally accompanied by real-time independent verification. Monolithic active pixel sensors are a viable candidate for providing upstre...

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Published in: Sensors
ISSN: 1424-8220
Published: MDPI AG 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67935
Abstract: Intensity-modulated radiotherapy is a widely used technique for accurately targeting cancerous tumours in difficult locations using dynamically shaped beams. This is ideally accompanied by real-time independent verification. Monolithic active pixel sensors are a viable candidate for providing upstream beam monitoring during treatment. We have already demonstrated that a Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS)-based system can fulfill all clinical requirements except for the minimum required size. Here, we report the performance of a large-scale demonstrator system consisting of a matrix of 2 × 2 sensors, which is large enough to cover almost all radiotherapy treatment fields when affixed to the shadow tray of the LINAC head. When building a matrix structure, a small dead area is inevitable. Here, we report that with a newly developed position algorithm, leaf positions can be reconstructed over the entire range with a position resolution of below ∼200 μm in the centre of the sensor, which worsens to just below 300 μm in the middle of the gap between two sensors. A leaf position resolution below 300 μm results in a dose error below 2%, which is good enough for clinical deployment.
Keywords: X-ray detectors; solid-state detectors; radiation-hard detectors; image processing; data processing methods; image reconstruction in medical imaging; radiotherapy concepts; radiotherapy verification; radiotherapy monitoring; detector alignment and calibration; Multi Leaf Collimator (MLC); Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS)
College: Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
Funders: This research was funded by STFC and EPSRC through the IAA route. Jordan Pritchard received a scholarship from the EPSRC DTA. Yutong Li is funded by the Chinese Scholarship Council.
Issue: 4
Start Page: 1799