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Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers

RICHARD JONES, Irene Reppa Orcid Logo, Phil Reed Orcid Logo

Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, Volume: 47, Issue: 2, Pages: 842 - 852

Swansea University Authors: RICHARD JONES, Irene Reppa Orcid Logo, Phil Reed Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1080/01434632.2024.2405230

Abstract

Objectives: Of relevance to minority ethno-linguistic groups is the association between self-esteem and proficiency in their heritage language. The current study explored whether self-esteem of Cymraeg (Welsh) speaking pupils in Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools was higher than Cymraeg-speaking pupils...

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Published in: Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
ISSN: 0143-4632 1747-7557
Published: Informa UK Limited 2026
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa67654
first_indexed 2024-09-11T16:51:47Z
last_indexed 2026-05-20T09:32:44Z
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spelling 2026-05-19T11:17:46.1574180 v2 67654 2024-09-11 Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers 042b97691e522eb0850553638fcfe72f RICHARD JONES RICHARD JONES true false 7824f127c16603af4e08530245a62400 0000-0002-2853-2311 Irene Reppa Irene Reppa true false 100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83 0000-0002-8157-0747 Phil Reed Phil Reed true false 2024-09-11 Objectives: Of relevance to minority ethno-linguistic groups is the association between self-esteem and proficiency in their heritage language. The current study explored whether self-esteem of Cymraeg (Welsh) speaking pupils in Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools was higher than Cymraeg-speaking pupils in English-medium schools. Methods: 1,709 pupils from Welsh/Bilingual and English-medium schools in Wales completed the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Scores were analysed as a function of their primary language (language they use most often) and the linguistic medium of their school. Results: Relative to primary-English speakers (pupils using English most) attending Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools, primary-Cymraeg speakers (pupils using Cymraeg most) attending Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools recorded higher self-esteem scores. There was no difference in self-esteem between speakers of different languages attending English-medium schools. Primary-English speakers attending English-medium schools recorded higher levels of self-esteem relative to primary-English speakers attending Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools. There was no difference in self-esteem between primary-Cymraeg speakers attending Welsh/Bilingual and English-medium schools. Longitudinal analysis suggests self-esteem increased for primary-Cymraeg speakers attending Welsh/Bilingual medium schools only, but pupils educated in their non-primary language demonstrated a decrease in self-esteem. Conclusion: The results suggest care is needed when allocating pupils to schools, as language of the school and the pupil’s primary language interact in determining self-esteem over time. Journal Article Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 47 2 842 852 Informa UK Limited 0143-4632 1747-7557 Self-esteem; Welsh language; Cymraeg; Welsh-medium education; cultural identity 1 3 2026 2026-03-01 10.1080/01434632.2024.2405230 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) Swansea University 2026-05-19T11:17:46.1574180 2024-09-11T17:49:20.3487381 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Psychology RICHARD JONES 1 Irene Reppa 0000-0002-2853-2311 2 Phil Reed 0000-0002-8157-0747 3 67654__32712__b1259701c98c4c9092f24a333a24658b.pdf 67654.VoR.pdf 2024-10-25T10:41:45.6183057 Output 1469540 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Author(s). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers
spellingShingle Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers
RICHARD JONES
Irene Reppa
Phil Reed
title_short Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers
title_full Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers
title_fullStr Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers
title_sort Relationship between education in the Welsh medium and self-esteem for primary Cymraeg and English speakers
author_id_str_mv 042b97691e522eb0850553638fcfe72f
7824f127c16603af4e08530245a62400
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 042b97691e522eb0850553638fcfe72f_***_RICHARD JONES
7824f127c16603af4e08530245a62400_***_Irene Reppa
100599ab189b514fdf99f9b4cb477a83_***_Phil Reed
author RICHARD JONES
Irene Reppa
Phil Reed
author2 RICHARD JONES
Irene Reppa
Phil Reed
format Journal article
container_title Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development
container_volume 47
container_issue 2
container_start_page 842
publishDate 2026
institution Swansea University
issn 0143-4632
1747-7557
doi_str_mv 10.1080/01434632.2024.2405230
publisher Informa UK Limited
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str School of Psychology{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}School of Psychology
document_store_str 1
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description Objectives: Of relevance to minority ethno-linguistic groups is the association between self-esteem and proficiency in their heritage language. The current study explored whether self-esteem of Cymraeg (Welsh) speaking pupils in Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools was higher than Cymraeg-speaking pupils in English-medium schools. Methods: 1,709 pupils from Welsh/Bilingual and English-medium schools in Wales completed the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Scores were analysed as a function of their primary language (language they use most often) and the linguistic medium of their school. Results: Relative to primary-English speakers (pupils using English most) attending Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools, primary-Cymraeg speakers (pupils using Cymraeg most) attending Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools recorded higher self-esteem scores. There was no difference in self-esteem between speakers of different languages attending English-medium schools. Primary-English speakers attending English-medium schools recorded higher levels of self-esteem relative to primary-English speakers attending Welsh/Bilingual-medium schools. There was no difference in self-esteem between primary-Cymraeg speakers attending Welsh/Bilingual and English-medium schools. Longitudinal analysis suggests self-esteem increased for primary-Cymraeg speakers attending Welsh/Bilingual medium schools only, but pupils educated in their non-primary language demonstrated a decrease in self-esteem. Conclusion: The results suggest care is needed when allocating pupils to schools, as language of the school and the pupil’s primary language interact in determining self-esteem over time.
published_date 2026-03-01T17:06:36Z
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