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Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance / CHRISTOPHER LAMB

Swansea University Author: CHRISTOPHER LAMB

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Abstract

Background: Omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast has been shown to impair afternoon/evening exercise performance, but previous studies have been limited by a lack of placebo control and the inclusion of complete omission of feeding until lunch, versus delaying the breakfast feeding. In this ran...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2024
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Master of Research
Degree name: MSc by Research
Supervisor: Metcalfe, Richard ; Waldron, Mark ; Love, Thomas
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66962
first_indexed 2024-07-04T14:38:13Z
last_indexed 2024-11-25T14:19:15Z
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In this randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, we hypothesised that introducing a placebo control would show no-difference to prolonged intermittent exercise performance in the afternoon versus consuming a high-carbohydrate breakfast. Methods: Ten regular intermittent games players completed two trials (EARLY and DELAY) that were matched for energy intake. In EARLY, participants consumed a high-carbohydrate breakfast shake (2 g&#xB7;kg BM-1 maltodextrin, 1 ml&#xB7;kg BM-1 orange squash, 0.15 g&#xB7;kg BM-1 Xantham gum, 0.067 g&#xB7;kg BM-1 artificial sweetener and 6 ml&#xB7;kg BM-1 water) at 8am, followed by a taste and texture matched, but energy depleted, placebo (Identical minus Maltodextrin) at 10am. In DELAY the order of these shakes was reversed. In both trials, a standardised and individualised high carbohydrate lunch (888&#xB1;107 Kcal, 145&#xB1;28 g carbohydrate) was consumed at 12pm. Blood glucose and substrate oxidation measurements were conducted hourly throughout the day, and a subjective appetite rating taken after each meal. At 3pm, participants subsequently completed an 80-min intermittent exercise performance task, consisting of two, 40-min stages with 10-min of rest in between. Peak, mean, and end power output were measured during each sprint and averaged across each stage of the test for statistical analysis, with heart rate and RPE measured after each sprint. Results: The subjective appetite response followed a similar pattern during the morning of both trials, despite differing blood glucose and substrate oxidation results, which together confirmed the success of the single-blind placebo control. There were no differences in peak power (1st half: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.85 [-12 to 14] W, p=0.89, d=0.01); 2nd half: 1.6 [-12 to 15] W, p=0.79, d=0.01), mean power (1st half: mean difference: 2.2 [-12 to 17] W, p=0.73, d=0.01); 2nd half: mean difference: -2.2 [-16 to 11] W, p=0.72, d=0.02) or end power (1st half: mean difference: 6.9 [-11 to 25], p=0.42, d=0.05); 2nd half: mean difference: -1.7 [-16 to 12] W, p=0.80, d=0.01) in the DELAY compared to the EARLY condition. Conclusions: These data provide differing results to studies which focused on overt breakfast omission, rather than delaying breakfast using a placebo. This study provides preliminary suggestions that the results in other studies may likely be from a psychological, rather than physiological, mechanism.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication>Swansea, Wales, UK</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>Exercise, Nutrition, Placebo, Performance, Physiology, Psychology</keywords><publishedDay>17</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-06-17</publishedDate><doi/><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><supervisor>Metcalfe, Richard ; Waldron, Mark ; Love, Thomas</supervisor><degreelevel>Master of Research</degreelevel><degreename>MSc by Research</degreename><apcterm/><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-07-04T15:46:33.8459695</lastEdited><Created>2024-07-04T15:35:29.1332385</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>CHRISTOPHER</firstname><surname>LAMB</surname><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>66962__30829__4941204e5db94176ad25b18c95d9a9e6.pdf</filename><originalFilename>Lamb_Christopher_MSc_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-07-04T15:42:01.0507100</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>1944649</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>E-Thesis &#x2013; open access</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Copyright: The author, Christopher Lamb, 2024.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2024-07-04T15:46:33.8459695 v2 66962 2024-07-04 Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance ea26c0e96829d7e0774cc833bcd6b7b5 CHRISTOPHER LAMB CHRISTOPHER LAMB true false 2024-07-04 Background: Omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast has been shown to impair afternoon/evening exercise performance, but previous studies have been limited by a lack of placebo control and the inclusion of complete omission of feeding until lunch, versus delaying the breakfast feeding. In this randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, we hypothesised that introducing a placebo control would show no-difference to prolonged intermittent exercise performance in the afternoon versus consuming a high-carbohydrate breakfast. Methods: Ten regular intermittent games players completed two trials (EARLY and DELAY) that were matched for energy intake. In EARLY, participants consumed a high-carbohydrate breakfast shake (2 g·kg BM-1 maltodextrin, 1 ml·kg BM-1 orange squash, 0.15 g·kg BM-1 Xantham gum, 0.067 g·kg BM-1 artificial sweetener and 6 ml·kg BM-1 water) at 8am, followed by a taste and texture matched, but energy depleted, placebo (Identical minus Maltodextrin) at 10am. In DELAY the order of these shakes was reversed. In both trials, a standardised and individualised high carbohydrate lunch (888±107 Kcal, 145±28 g carbohydrate) was consumed at 12pm. Blood glucose and substrate oxidation measurements were conducted hourly throughout the day, and a subjective appetite rating taken after each meal. At 3pm, participants subsequently completed an 80-min intermittent exercise performance task, consisting of two, 40-min stages with 10-min of rest in between. Peak, mean, and end power output were measured during each sprint and averaged across each stage of the test for statistical analysis, with heart rate and RPE measured after each sprint. Results: The subjective appetite response followed a similar pattern during the morning of both trials, despite differing blood glucose and substrate oxidation results, which together confirmed the success of the single-blind placebo control. There were no differences in peak power (1st half: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.85 [-12 to 14] W, p=0.89, d=0.01); 2nd half: 1.6 [-12 to 15] W, p=0.79, d=0.01), mean power (1st half: mean difference: 2.2 [-12 to 17] W, p=0.73, d=0.01); 2nd half: mean difference: -2.2 [-16 to 11] W, p=0.72, d=0.02) or end power (1st half: mean difference: 6.9 [-11 to 25], p=0.42, d=0.05); 2nd half: mean difference: -1.7 [-16 to 12] W, p=0.80, d=0.01) in the DELAY compared to the EARLY condition. Conclusions: These data provide differing results to studies which focused on overt breakfast omission, rather than delaying breakfast using a placebo. This study provides preliminary suggestions that the results in other studies may likely be from a psychological, rather than physiological, mechanism. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Exercise, Nutrition, Placebo, Performance, Physiology, Psychology 17 6 2024 2024-06-17 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Metcalfe, Richard ; Waldron, Mark ; Love, Thomas Master of Research MSc by Research 2024-07-04T15:46:33.8459695 2024-07-04T15:35:29.1332385 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences CHRISTOPHER LAMB 1 66962__30829__4941204e5db94176ad25b18c95d9a9e6.pdf Lamb_Christopher_MSc_Thesis_Final_Redacted_Signature.pdf 2024-07-04T15:42:01.0507100 Output 1944649 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The author, Christopher Lamb, 2024. true eng
title Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance
spellingShingle Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance
CHRISTOPHER LAMB
title_short Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance
title_full Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance
title_fullStr Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance
title_full_unstemmed Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance
title_sort Delaying consumption of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast does not impair afternoon intermittent exercise performance
author_id_str_mv ea26c0e96829d7e0774cc833bcd6b7b5
author_id_fullname_str_mv ea26c0e96829d7e0774cc833bcd6b7b5_***_CHRISTOPHER LAMB
author CHRISTOPHER LAMB
author2 CHRISTOPHER LAMB
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publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description Background: Omission of a carbohydrate-rich breakfast has been shown to impair afternoon/evening exercise performance, but previous studies have been limited by a lack of placebo control and the inclusion of complete omission of feeding until lunch, versus delaying the breakfast feeding. In this randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, we hypothesised that introducing a placebo control would show no-difference to prolonged intermittent exercise performance in the afternoon versus consuming a high-carbohydrate breakfast. Methods: Ten regular intermittent games players completed two trials (EARLY and DELAY) that were matched for energy intake. In EARLY, participants consumed a high-carbohydrate breakfast shake (2 g·kg BM-1 maltodextrin, 1 ml·kg BM-1 orange squash, 0.15 g·kg BM-1 Xantham gum, 0.067 g·kg BM-1 artificial sweetener and 6 ml·kg BM-1 water) at 8am, followed by a taste and texture matched, but energy depleted, placebo (Identical minus Maltodextrin) at 10am. In DELAY the order of these shakes was reversed. In both trials, a standardised and individualised high carbohydrate lunch (888±107 Kcal, 145±28 g carbohydrate) was consumed at 12pm. Blood glucose and substrate oxidation measurements were conducted hourly throughout the day, and a subjective appetite rating taken after each meal. At 3pm, participants subsequently completed an 80-min intermittent exercise performance task, consisting of two, 40-min stages with 10-min of rest in between. Peak, mean, and end power output were measured during each sprint and averaged across each stage of the test for statistical analysis, with heart rate and RPE measured after each sprint. Results: The subjective appetite response followed a similar pattern during the morning of both trials, despite differing blood glucose and substrate oxidation results, which together confirmed the success of the single-blind placebo control. There were no differences in peak power (1st half: mean difference [95% CI]: 0.85 [-12 to 14] W, p=0.89, d=0.01); 2nd half: 1.6 [-12 to 15] W, p=0.79, d=0.01), mean power (1st half: mean difference: 2.2 [-12 to 17] W, p=0.73, d=0.01); 2nd half: mean difference: -2.2 [-16 to 11] W, p=0.72, d=0.02) or end power (1st half: mean difference: 6.9 [-11 to 25], p=0.42, d=0.05); 2nd half: mean difference: -1.7 [-16 to 12] W, p=0.80, d=0.01) in the DELAY compared to the EARLY condition. Conclusions: These data provide differing results to studies which focused on overt breakfast omission, rather than delaying breakfast using a placebo. This study provides preliminary suggestions that the results in other studies may likely be from a psychological, rather than physiological, mechanism.
published_date 2024-06-17T05:37:09Z
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