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The Regulation of Metabolic Homeostasis by Incretins and the Metabolic Hormones Produced by Pancreatic Islets
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Venkat Kanamarlapudi
Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity, Volume: 17, Pages: 2419 - 2456
Swansea University Authors:
Steve Bain , Venkat Kanamarlapudi
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© 2024 Reed et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License.
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DOI (Published version): 10.2147/dmso.s415934
Abstract
In healthy humans, the complex biochemical interplay between organs maintains metabolic homeostasis and pathological alterations in this process result in impaired metabolic homeostasis, causing metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, which are major global healthcare burdens. The great adv...
| Published in: | Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity |
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| ISSN: | 1178-7007 |
| Published: |
Informa UK Limited
2024
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| Online Access: |
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66737 |
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| Abstract: |
In healthy humans, the complex biochemical interplay between organs maintains metabolic homeostasis and pathological alterations in this process result in impaired metabolic homeostasis, causing metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity, which are major global healthcare burdens. The great advancements made during the last century in understanding both metabolic disease phenotypes and the regulation of metabolic homeostasis in healthy individuals have yielded new therapeutic options for diseases like type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, it is unlikely that highly desirable more efficacious treatments will be developed for metabolic disorders until the complex systemic regulation of metabolic homeostasis becomes more intricately understood. Hormones produced by pancreatic islet beta-cells (insulin) and alpha-cells (glucagon) are pivotal for maintaining metabolic homeostasis; the activity of insulin and glucagon are reciprocally correlated to achieve strict control of glucose levels (normoglycaemia). Metabolic hormones produced by other pancreatic islet cells and incretins produced by the gut are also crucial for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Recent studies highlighted the incomplete understanding of metabolic hormonal synergism and, therefore, further elucidation of this will likely lead to more efficacious treatments for diseases such as T2D. The objective of this review is to summarise the systemic actions of the incretins and the metabolic hormones produced by the pancreatic islets and their interactions with their respective receptors. |
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| Keywords: |
type 2 diabetes, obesity, insulin, glucagon, GLP-1, GLP-1R, incretin, metabolism |
| College: |
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences |
| Funders: |
The work in VK’s laboratory was supported by a grant from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) UK (BB/S019588/1). JR was a recipient of the Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarship (KESS) II UK PhD studentship. We thank the members of the VK laboratory. |
| Start Page: |
2419 |
| End Page: |
2456 |