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Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review

Louise Burnie, Nachiappan Chockalingam, Alex Holder, Tim Claypole Orcid Logo, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo, Neil Bezodis Orcid Logo

The Foot, Volume: 59, Start page: 102094

Swansea University Authors: Louise Burnie, Tim Claypole Orcid Logo, Liam Kilduff Orcid Logo, Neil Bezodis Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.foot.2024.102094

Abstract

Plantar pressure measurement systems are routinely used in sports and health applications to assess locomotion. The purpose of this review is to describe and critically discuss: (a) applications of the pressure measurement systems in sport and healthcare, (b) testing protocols and considerations for...

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Published in: The Foot
ISSN: 0958-2592
Published: Elsevier BV 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa66411
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The purpose of this review is to describe and critically discuss: (a) applications of the pressure measurement systems in sport and healthcare, (b) testing protocols and considerations for clinical gait analysis, (c) clinical recommendations for interpreting plantar pressure data, (d) calibration procedures and their accuracy, and (e) the future of pressure sensor data analysis. Rigid pressure platforms are typically used to measure plantar pressures for the assessment of foot function during standing and walking, particularly when barefoot, and are the most accurate for measuring plantar pressures. For reliable data, two step protocol prior to contacting the pressure plate is recommended. In-shoe systems are most suitable for measuring plantar pressures in the field during daily living or dynamic sporting movements as they are often wireless and can measure multiple steps. They are the most suitable equipment to assess the effects of footwear and orthotics on plantar pressures. However, they typically have lower spatial resolution and sampling frequency than platform systems. Users of pressure measurement systems need to consider the suitability of the calibration procedures for their chosen application when selecting and using a pressure measurement system. For some applications, a bespoke calibration procedure is required to improve validity and reliability of the pressure measurement system. The testing machines that are commonly used for dynamic calibration of pressure measurement systems frequently have loading rates of less than even those found in walking, so the development of testing protocols that truly measure the loading rates found in many sporting movements are required. There is clear potential for AI techniques to assist in the analysis and interpretation of plantar pressure data to enable the more complete use of pressure system data in clinical diagnoses and monitoring.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>The Foot</journal><volume>59</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>102094</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0958-2592</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Health monitoring, Gait assessment, Plantar pressure, Pressure measurement, Sensors, Sports technology</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>6</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2024</publishedYear><publishedDate>2024-06-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.foot.2024.102094</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>ACEM</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Another institution paid the OA fee</apcterm><funders>This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund - Application of Functionalised Micro and Nano Materials (AFM2) - scale up to volume production, under the SMARTExpertise programme (#2018/COL/014).</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-06-17T13:10:00.6191949</lastEdited><Created>2024-05-14T11:08:38.9155122</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Louise</firstname><surname>Burnie</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Nachiappan</firstname><surname>Chockalingam</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Alex</firstname><surname>Holder</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Tim</firstname><surname>Claypole</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1393-9634</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Liam</firstname><surname>Kilduff</surname><orcid>0000-0001-9449-2293</orcid><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Neil</firstname><surname>Bezodis</surname><orcid>0000-0003-2229-3310</orcid><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>66411__30352__1c34665002db4d8cb406074b58807553.pdf</filename><originalFilename>66411.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2024-05-14T11:12:27.8580470</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>646168</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>© 2024 The Authors. 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spelling v2 66411 2024-05-14 Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review 5041249e01f2b24510eb8c4681d2e8dc Louise Burnie Louise Burnie true false 7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55 0000-0003-1393-9634 Tim Claypole Tim Claypole true false 972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98 0000-0001-9449-2293 Liam Kilduff Liam Kilduff true false 534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b 0000-0003-2229-3310 Neil Bezodis Neil Bezodis true false 2024-05-14 ACEM Plantar pressure measurement systems are routinely used in sports and health applications to assess locomotion. The purpose of this review is to describe and critically discuss: (a) applications of the pressure measurement systems in sport and healthcare, (b) testing protocols and considerations for clinical gait analysis, (c) clinical recommendations for interpreting plantar pressure data, (d) calibration procedures and their accuracy, and (e) the future of pressure sensor data analysis. Rigid pressure platforms are typically used to measure plantar pressures for the assessment of foot function during standing and walking, particularly when barefoot, and are the most accurate for measuring plantar pressures. For reliable data, two step protocol prior to contacting the pressure plate is recommended. In-shoe systems are most suitable for measuring plantar pressures in the field during daily living or dynamic sporting movements as they are often wireless and can measure multiple steps. They are the most suitable equipment to assess the effects of footwear and orthotics on plantar pressures. However, they typically have lower spatial resolution and sampling frequency than platform systems. Users of pressure measurement systems need to consider the suitability of the calibration procedures for their chosen application when selecting and using a pressure measurement system. For some applications, a bespoke calibration procedure is required to improve validity and reliability of the pressure measurement system. The testing machines that are commonly used for dynamic calibration of pressure measurement systems frequently have loading rates of less than even those found in walking, so the development of testing protocols that truly measure the loading rates found in many sporting movements are required. There is clear potential for AI techniques to assist in the analysis and interpretation of plantar pressure data to enable the more complete use of pressure system data in clinical diagnoses and monitoring. Journal Article The Foot 59 102094 Elsevier BV 0958-2592 Health monitoring, Gait assessment, Plantar pressure, Pressure measurement, Sensors, Sports technology 1 6 2024 2024-06-01 10.1016/j.foot.2024.102094 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, and Mechanical Engineering COLLEGE CODE ACEM Swansea University Another institution paid the OA fee This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund - Application of Functionalised Micro and Nano Materials (AFM2) - scale up to volume production, under the SMARTExpertise programme (#2018/COL/014). 2024-06-17T13:10:00.6191949 2024-05-14T11:08:38.9155122 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences Louise Burnie 1 Nachiappan Chockalingam 2 Alex Holder 3 Tim Claypole 0000-0003-1393-9634 4 Liam Kilduff 0000-0001-9449-2293 5 Neil Bezodis 0000-0003-2229-3310 6 66411__30352__1c34665002db4d8cb406074b58807553.pdf 66411.pdf 2024-05-14T11:12:27.8580470 Output 646168 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Authors. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review
spellingShingle Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review
Louise Burnie
Tim Claypole
Liam Kilduff
Neil Bezodis
title_short Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review
title_full Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review
title_fullStr Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review
title_full_unstemmed Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review
title_sort Testing protocols and measurement techniques when using pressure sensors for sport and health applications: A comparative review
author_id_str_mv 5041249e01f2b24510eb8c4681d2e8dc
7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55
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534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b
author_id_fullname_str_mv 5041249e01f2b24510eb8c4681d2e8dc_***_Louise Burnie
7735385522f1e68a8775b4f709e91d55_***_Tim Claypole
972ed9a1dda7a0de20581a0f8350be98_***_Liam Kilduff
534588568c1936e94e1ed8527b8c991b_***_Neil Bezodis
author Louise Burnie
Tim Claypole
Liam Kilduff
Neil Bezodis
author2 Louise Burnie
Nachiappan Chockalingam
Alex Holder
Tim Claypole
Liam Kilduff
Neil Bezodis
format Journal article
container_title The Foot
container_volume 59
container_start_page 102094
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 0958-2592
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.foot.2024.102094
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Sport and Exercise Sciences
document_store_str 1
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description Plantar pressure measurement systems are routinely used in sports and health applications to assess locomotion. The purpose of this review is to describe and critically discuss: (a) applications of the pressure measurement systems in sport and healthcare, (b) testing protocols and considerations for clinical gait analysis, (c) clinical recommendations for interpreting plantar pressure data, (d) calibration procedures and their accuracy, and (e) the future of pressure sensor data analysis. Rigid pressure platforms are typically used to measure plantar pressures for the assessment of foot function during standing and walking, particularly when barefoot, and are the most accurate for measuring plantar pressures. For reliable data, two step protocol prior to contacting the pressure plate is recommended. In-shoe systems are most suitable for measuring plantar pressures in the field during daily living or dynamic sporting movements as they are often wireless and can measure multiple steps. They are the most suitable equipment to assess the effects of footwear and orthotics on plantar pressures. However, they typically have lower spatial resolution and sampling frequency than platform systems. Users of pressure measurement systems need to consider the suitability of the calibration procedures for their chosen application when selecting and using a pressure measurement system. For some applications, a bespoke calibration procedure is required to improve validity and reliability of the pressure measurement system. The testing machines that are commonly used for dynamic calibration of pressure measurement systems frequently have loading rates of less than even those found in walking, so the development of testing protocols that truly measure the loading rates found in many sporting movements are required. There is clear potential for AI techniques to assist in the analysis and interpretation of plantar pressure data to enable the more complete use of pressure system data in clinical diagnoses and monitoring.
published_date 2024-06-01T13:09:59Z
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