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Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation

Ciara Durcan, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo, Grégory Chagnon Orcid Logo, Djordje Peric Orcid Logo, Edouard Girard Orcid Logo

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Volume: 21, Issue: 213

Swansea University Authors: Ciara Durcan, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo, Djordje Peric Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1098/rsif.2023.0592

Abstract

The mechanical characterization of the oesophagus is essential for applications such as medical device design, surgical simulations and tissue engineering, as well as for investigating the organ’s pathophysiology. However, the material response of the oesophagus has not been established ex vivo in r...

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Published in: Journal of The Royal Society Interface
ISSN: 1742-5662
Published: The Royal Society 2024
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa65741
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However, the material response of the oesophagus has not been established ex vivo in regard to the more complex aspects of its mechanical behaviour using fresh, human tissue: as of yet, in the literature, only the hyperelastic response of the intact wall has been studied. Therefore, in this study, the layer-dependent, anisotropic, visco-hyperelastic behaviour of the human oesophagus was investigated through various mechanical tests. For this, cyclic tests, with increasing stretch levels, were conducted on the layers of the human oesophagus in the longitudinal and circumferential directions and at two different strain rates. Additionally, stress-relaxation tests on the oesophageal layers were carried out in both directions. Overall, the results show discrete properties in each layer and direction, highlighting the importance of treating the oesophagus as a multi-layered composite material with direction-dependent behaviour. Previously, the authors conducted layer-dependent cyclic experimentation on formalin-embalmed human oesophagi. A comparison between the fresh and embalmed tissue response was carried out and revealed surprising similarities in terms of anisotropy, strain-rate dependency, stress-softening and hysteresis, with the main difference between the two preservation states being the magnitude of these properties. 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spelling v2 65741 2024-03-05 Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation 7ecf37dea19f79476ca596fa79d01454 Ciara Durcan Ciara Durcan true false 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd 0000-0002-4616-1104 Mokarram Hossain Mokarram Hossain true false 9d35cb799b2542ad39140943a9a9da65 0000-0002-1112-301X Djordje Peric Djordje Peric true false 2024-03-05 FGSEN The mechanical characterization of the oesophagus is essential for applications such as medical device design, surgical simulations and tissue engineering, as well as for investigating the organ’s pathophysiology. However, the material response of the oesophagus has not been established ex vivo in regard to the more complex aspects of its mechanical behaviour using fresh, human tissue: as of yet, in the literature, only the hyperelastic response of the intact wall has been studied. Therefore, in this study, the layer-dependent, anisotropic, visco-hyperelastic behaviour of the human oesophagus was investigated through various mechanical tests. For this, cyclic tests, with increasing stretch levels, were conducted on the layers of the human oesophagus in the longitudinal and circumferential directions and at two different strain rates. Additionally, stress-relaxation tests on the oesophageal layers were carried out in both directions. Overall, the results show discrete properties in each layer and direction, highlighting the importance of treating the oesophagus as a multi-layered composite material with direction-dependent behaviour. Previously, the authors conducted layer-dependent cyclic experimentation on formalin-embalmed human oesophagi. A comparison between the fresh and embalmed tissue response was carried out and revealed surprising similarities in terms of anisotropy, strain-rate dependency, stress-softening and hysteresis, with the main difference between the two preservation states being the magnitude of these properties. As formalin fixation is known to notably affect the formation of cross-links between the collagen of biological materials, the differences may reveal the influence of cross-links on the mechanical behaviour of soft tissues. Journal Article Journal of The Royal Society Interface 21 213 The Royal Society 1742-5662 gastrointestinal tract, biomechanics, uniaxial tensile testing, zero-stress state, cadaver preservation 10 4 2024 2024-04-10 10.1098/rsif.2023.0592 COLLEGE NANME Science and Engineering - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGSEN Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) C.D. and M.H. are indebted to the Swansea University Strategic Partnerships Research Scholarships (SUSPRS) for funding of the project. 2024-04-25T17:43:54.1223682 2024-03-05T15:55:56.0021957 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Ciara Durcan 1 Mokarram Hossain 0000-0002-4616-1104 2 Grégory Chagnon 0000-0002-9386-7046 3 Djordje Peric 0000-0002-1112-301X 4 Edouard Girard 0000-0001-6762-8343 5 65741__30158__29e284edb34044d689a6149943ae541f.pdf 65741.VoR.pdf 2024-04-25T17:41:48.7381790 Output 2721129 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2024 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation
spellingShingle Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation
Ciara Durcan
Mokarram Hossain
Djordje Peric
title_short Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation
title_full Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation
title_fullStr Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation
title_sort Characterization of the layer, direction and time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the human oesophagus and the effects of formalin preservation
author_id_str_mv 7ecf37dea19f79476ca596fa79d01454
140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 7ecf37dea19f79476ca596fa79d01454_***_Ciara Durcan
140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd_***_Mokarram Hossain
9d35cb799b2542ad39140943a9a9da65_***_Djordje Peric
author Ciara Durcan
Mokarram Hossain
Djordje Peric
author2 Ciara Durcan
Mokarram Hossain
Grégory Chagnon
Djordje Peric
Edouard Girard
format Journal article
container_title Journal of The Royal Society Interface
container_volume 21
container_issue 213
publishDate 2024
institution Swansea University
issn 1742-5662
doi_str_mv 10.1098/rsif.2023.0592
publisher The Royal Society
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
document_store_str 1
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description The mechanical characterization of the oesophagus is essential for applications such as medical device design, surgical simulations and tissue engineering, as well as for investigating the organ’s pathophysiology. However, the material response of the oesophagus has not been established ex vivo in regard to the more complex aspects of its mechanical behaviour using fresh, human tissue: as of yet, in the literature, only the hyperelastic response of the intact wall has been studied. Therefore, in this study, the layer-dependent, anisotropic, visco-hyperelastic behaviour of the human oesophagus was investigated through various mechanical tests. For this, cyclic tests, with increasing stretch levels, were conducted on the layers of the human oesophagus in the longitudinal and circumferential directions and at two different strain rates. Additionally, stress-relaxation tests on the oesophageal layers were carried out in both directions. Overall, the results show discrete properties in each layer and direction, highlighting the importance of treating the oesophagus as a multi-layered composite material with direction-dependent behaviour. Previously, the authors conducted layer-dependent cyclic experimentation on formalin-embalmed human oesophagi. A comparison between the fresh and embalmed tissue response was carried out and revealed surprising similarities in terms of anisotropy, strain-rate dependency, stress-softening and hysteresis, with the main difference between the two preservation states being the magnitude of these properties. As formalin fixation is known to notably affect the formation of cross-links between the collagen of biological materials, the differences may reveal the influence of cross-links on the mechanical behaviour of soft tissues.
published_date 2024-04-10T17:43:53Z
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