Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping

Zhang, Lintao; Harrison, Will; Abdullah, Talal; Mehraban, Shahin; Lavery, Nicholas

doi:10.1016/j.apm.2023.08.022

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Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping

Lintao Zhang, Will Harrison

, Talal Abdullah, Shahin Mehraban, Nicholas Lavery

Applied Mathematical Modelling, Volume: 124, Pages: 713 - 733

Swansea University Authors: Lintao Zhang, Will Harrison , Talal Abdullah, Shahin Mehraban, Nicholas Lavery

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.apm.2023.08.022

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using non-standard miniaturized tensile specimens (MTS) to characterize the formability features of interstitial-free (IF) steel, specifically DX57 steel. The motivation behind this research is to gain insight into the accuracy of predicted values fo...

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Published in:	Applied Mathematical Modelling
ISSN:	0307-904X
Published:	Elsevier BV 2023
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URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64105
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The motivation behind this research is to gain insight into the accuracy of predicted values for the steel's formability using the designed non-standard MTS, which could potentially be used to test materials obtained from rapid alloy prototyping (RAP) routines. Tensile tests were conducted using both standard bars and non-standard MTS with different angles to the rolling directions (0°, 45°, and 90°) and the experiment results were used to determine the material properties for the following numerical simulations, which were based on the cross-die deep drawing concept. The results show that the non-standard MTS over-predicted the strain hardening exponent compared to the values obtained from the standard tensile bars. For the same punch stroke, the non-standard miniatured tensile specimen under-predicted the punch force. However, for the deformed blank, the thickness variation along different paths was compared, and the maximum thickness value difference was found to be less than 5%. In terms of the forming limit diagram (FLD), the MTS's prediction is very close to the standard test-piece's prediction; the overall major-minor strain status of the deformed blank is similar. The results of this research provide confidence in the ability to evaluate formability from small-scale tensile tests for heterogeneous alloys such as synthetic IF steels developed during RAP.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Applied Mathematical Modelling</journal><volume>124</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>713</paginationStart><paginationEnd>733</paginationEnd><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0307-904X</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Steel development, Rapid alloy prototyping, Cross-die deep drawing, Interstitial-free steel, Forming limit diagram</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-12-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.apm.2023.08.022</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Gower College</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>GWCO</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal)</apcterm><funders>The authors would like to thank EPSRC for funding the Rapid Alloy Prototyping Prosperity Partnership project (EP/S005218/1 - ACCELERATING ALLOY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH DELIVERING NOVEL PROTOTYPING SOLUTIONS) which made this work possible. The authors would also like to thank the Welsh Government, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and SMART Expertise Wales for funding Materials Advanced Characterisation Centre (MACH1) where the work was carried out.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2024-05-08T13:30:17.7379263</lastEdited><Created>2023-08-22T16:17:58.1773706</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Lintao</firstname><surname>Zhang</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Will</firstname><surname>Harrison</surname><orcid>0000-0002-0380-7075</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Talal</firstname><surname>Abdullah</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Shahin</firstname><surname>Mehraban</surname><orcid/><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Nicholas</firstname><surname>Lavery</surname><orcid>0000-0003-0953-5936</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>64105__28457__f7b76a19fea54a428f0d55b645d8f194.pdf</filename><originalFilename>64105 VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-09-05T15:39:44.8974188</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>8554443</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>2023 The Author(s). 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spelling	v2 64105 2023-08-22 Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping 2e060f2328383b15f607194b4dc0abef Lintao Zhang Lintao Zhang true false dae59f76fa4f63123aa028abfcd2b07a 0000-0002-0380-7075 Will Harrison Will Harrison true false dbecbe6a4a0d98dad2caeda9e617b66b Talal Abdullah Talal Abdullah true false c7e4a4152b2cf403da129be7d1c2904d Shahin Mehraban Shahin Mehraban true false 9f102ff59824fd4f7ce3d40144304395 0000-0003-0953-5936 Nicholas Lavery Nicholas Lavery true false 2023-08-22 GWCO This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using non-standard miniaturized tensile specimens (MTS) to characterize the formability features of interstitial-free (IF) steel, specifically DX57 steel. The motivation behind this research is to gain insight into the accuracy of predicted values for the steel's formability using the designed non-standard MTS, which could potentially be used to test materials obtained from rapid alloy prototyping (RAP) routines. Tensile tests were conducted using both standard bars and non-standard MTS with different angles to the rolling directions (0°, 45°, and 90°) and the experiment results were used to determine the material properties for the following numerical simulations, which were based on the cross-die deep drawing concept. The results show that the non-standard MTS over-predicted the strain hardening exponent compared to the values obtained from the standard tensile bars. For the same punch stroke, the non-standard miniatured tensile specimen under-predicted the punch force. However, for the deformed blank, the thickness variation along different paths was compared, and the maximum thickness value difference was found to be less than 5%. In terms of the forming limit diagram (FLD), the MTS's prediction is very close to the standard test-piece's prediction; the overall major-minor strain status of the deformed blank is similar. The results of this research provide confidence in the ability to evaluate formability from small-scale tensile tests for heterogeneous alloys such as synthetic IF steels developed during RAP. Journal Article Applied Mathematical Modelling 124 713 733 Elsevier BV 0307-904X Steel development, Rapid alloy prototyping, Cross-die deep drawing, Interstitial-free steel, Forming limit diagram 1 12 2023 2023-12-01 10.1016/j.apm.2023.08.022 COLLEGE NANME Gower College COLLEGE CODE GWCO Swansea University SU Library paid the OA fee (TA Institutional Deal) The authors would like to thank EPSRC for funding the Rapid Alloy Prototyping Prosperity Partnership project (EP/S005218/1 - ACCELERATING ALLOY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH DELIVERING NOVEL PROTOTYPING SOLUTIONS) which made this work possible. The authors would also like to thank the Welsh Government, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and SMART Expertise Wales for funding Materials Advanced Characterisation Centre (MACH1) where the work was carried out. 2024-05-08T13:30:17.7379263 2023-08-22T16:17:58.1773706 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Lintao Zhang 1 Will Harrison 0000-0002-0380-7075 2 Talal Abdullah 3 Shahin Mehraban 4 Nicholas Lavery 0000-0003-0953-5936 5 64105__28457__f7b76a19fea54a428f0d55b645d8f194.pdf 64105 VOR.pdf 2023-09-05T15:39:44.8974188 Output 8554443 application/pdf Version of Record true 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license. true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title	Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping
spellingShingle	Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping Lintao Zhang Will Harrison Talal Abdullah Shahin Mehraban Nicholas Lavery
title_short	Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping
title_full	Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping
title_fullStr	Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping
title_full_unstemmed	Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping
title_sort	Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping
author_id_str_mv	2e060f2328383b15f607194b4dc0abef dae59f76fa4f63123aa028abfcd2b07a dbecbe6a4a0d98dad2caeda9e617b66b c7e4a4152b2cf403da129be7d1c2904d 9f102ff59824fd4f7ce3d40144304395
author_id_fullname_str_mv	2e060f2328383b15f607194b4dc0abef_*_Lintao Zhang dae59f76fa4f63123aa028abfcd2b07a__Will Harrison dbecbe6a4a0d98dad2caeda9e617b66b__Talal Abdullah c7e4a4152b2cf403da129be7d1c2904d__Shahin Mehraban 9f102ff59824fd4f7ce3d40144304395_**_Nicholas Lavery
author	Lintao Zhang Will Harrison Talal Abdullah Shahin Mehraban Nicholas Lavery
author2	Lintao Zhang Will Harrison Talal Abdullah Shahin Mehraban Nicholas Lavery
format	Journal article
container_title	Applied Mathematical Modelling
container_volume	124
container_start_page	713
publishDate	2023
institution	Swansea University
issn	0307-904X
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.apm.2023.08.022
publisher	Elsevier BV
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str	School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Mechanical Engineering
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description	This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using non-standard miniaturized tensile specimens (MTS) to characterize the formability features of interstitial-free (IF) steel, specifically DX57 steel. The motivation behind this research is to gain insight into the accuracy of predicted values for the steel's formability using the designed non-standard MTS, which could potentially be used to test materials obtained from rapid alloy prototyping (RAP) routines. Tensile tests were conducted using both standard bars and non-standard MTS with different angles to the rolling directions (0°, 45°, and 90°) and the experiment results were used to determine the material properties for the following numerical simulations, which were based on the cross-die deep drawing concept. The results show that the non-standard MTS over-predicted the strain hardening exponent compared to the values obtained from the standard tensile bars. For the same punch stroke, the non-standard miniatured tensile specimen under-predicted the punch force. However, for the deformed blank, the thickness variation along different paths was compared, and the maximum thickness value difference was found to be less than 5%. In terms of the forming limit diagram (FLD), the MTS's prediction is very close to the standard test-piece's prediction; the overall major-minor strain status of the deformed blank is similar. The results of this research provide confidence in the ability to evaluate formability from small-scale tensile tests for heterogeneous alloys such as synthetic IF steels developed during RAP.
published_date	2023-12-01T13:30:16Z
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Formability prediction of interstitial-free steel via miniaturized tensile specimen for Rapid Alloy Prototyping

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