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Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks / IOANNIS MEXIS

Swansea University Author: IOANNIS MEXIS

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DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.63650

Abstract

power system, voltage unbalance issues are expected to exacerbate. Single{phase connectedphotovoltaic (PV) panels may cause unequal three{phase power ows, resultingin unbalanced grid currents and voltages. In addition, the random charging behaviour ofPlug{in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) equipped...

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Published: Swansea, Wales, UK 2023
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Zhou, Zhongfu. and Jennings, Mike.
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63650
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In addition, the random charging behaviour ofPlug{in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) equipped with single{phase on{board chargersis expected to further contribute to voltage unbalance rise as the number of thesedevices grows. If voltage unbalance increases to unacceptable levels, it may have adverseeects on power system operation and on the equipment connected to it. Traditionally,the phase swapping technique has been deployed by distribution system operators forvoltage unbalance mitigation, while other mitigating techniques include the deploymentof power electronics-based devices. The majority of the devices reported in the literatureare based on three-phase congurations, including series and parallel active power lters,unied power quality conditioners (UPQCs), static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs)and, more recently, three-phase distributed generation (DG) inverters.This research proposes the use of single-phase battery energy storage systems (BESSs)for the provision of phase balancing services, which has been considered only in a few literatureworks, with most of these research papers focusing on three-phase BESSs. In thisthesis, a novel control strategy is proposed for single-phase BESS units to compensatevoltage unbalance by injecting both active and reactive power simultaneously. The proposedapproach is based on the coordinated operation of three independent single-phaseBESS inverters using local voltage and current measurements.Initially, a comprehensive literature review is performed with the following aims: arobust classication of the ancillary services currently oered by BESSs, harmonisation ofthe notation found in the literature for ancillary services, and identication of potentialfuture applications of BESSs to power grids with large number of Low Carbon Technologies(LCTs). Then, the eectiveness of the proposed voltage unbalance compensationmethod is validated in the simulation environment, where two realistic models of distributionsystems are developed. Next, the impact of increasing PV and EV penetrationlevels on voltage unbalance for a typical UK distribution system is assessed based on adeterministic approach. The control strategy is validated experimentally by carrying outHardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) tests. Finally, an equivalent model of the distribution systemand BESS inverter is derived, which allows to carry out a preliminary probabilisticstudy to cater for the uncertainties related to the location and size of the PVs and EVs,and to evaluate the voltage unbalance levels without and with the BESSs controlled toprovide voltage unbalance compensation.It is concluded that the proposed BESS control system may eectively reduce thevoltage unbalance levels under various loading and generating conditions.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication>Swansea, Wales, UK</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>Ancillary services, battery energy storage systems, single–phase inverter, voltage unbalance compensation, voltage unbalance factor.</keywords><publishedDay>24</publishedDay><publishedMonth>5</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-05-24</publishedDate><doi>10.23889/SUthesis.63650</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><supervisor>Zhou, Zhongfu. and Jennings, Mike.</supervisor><degreelevel>Doctoral</degreelevel><degreename>Ph.D</degreename><degreesponsorsfunders>College of Engineering</degreesponsorsfunders><apcterm/><funders/><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-10-03T15:58:21.3432415</lastEdited><Created>2023-06-15T14:55:12.6698281</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>IOANNIS</firstname><surname>MEXIS</surname><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>63650__27858__24934fcf6c0e42f5aa57916e9fdea9eb.pdf</filename><originalFilename>2023_Mexis_I.final.63650.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-06-15T15:01:34.3475581</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>22325986</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>E-Thesis – open access</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Copyright: The Author, Ioannis Mexis, 2023. 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spelling v2 63650 2023-06-15 Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks ac54cf4f76ef9919fb92420a820f0a83 IOANNIS MEXIS IOANNIS MEXIS true false 2023-06-15 power system, voltage unbalance issues are expected to exacerbate. Single{phase connectedphotovoltaic (PV) panels may cause unequal three{phase power ows, resultingin unbalanced grid currents and voltages. In addition, the random charging behaviour ofPlug{in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) equipped with single{phase on{board chargersis expected to further contribute to voltage unbalance rise as the number of thesedevices grows. If voltage unbalance increases to unacceptable levels, it may have adverseeects on power system operation and on the equipment connected to it. Traditionally,the phase swapping technique has been deployed by distribution system operators forvoltage unbalance mitigation, while other mitigating techniques include the deploymentof power electronics-based devices. The majority of the devices reported in the literatureare based on three-phase congurations, including series and parallel active power lters,unied power quality conditioners (UPQCs), static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs)and, more recently, three-phase distributed generation (DG) inverters.This research proposes the use of single-phase battery energy storage systems (BESSs)for the provision of phase balancing services, which has been considered only in a few literatureworks, with most of these research papers focusing on three-phase BESSs. In thisthesis, a novel control strategy is proposed for single-phase BESS units to compensatevoltage unbalance by injecting both active and reactive power simultaneously. The proposedapproach is based on the coordinated operation of three independent single-phaseBESS inverters using local voltage and current measurements.Initially, a comprehensive literature review is performed with the following aims: arobust classication of the ancillary services currently oered by BESSs, harmonisation ofthe notation found in the literature for ancillary services, and identication of potentialfuture applications of BESSs to power grids with large number of Low Carbon Technologies(LCTs). Then, the eectiveness of the proposed voltage unbalance compensationmethod is validated in the simulation environment, where two realistic models of distributionsystems are developed. Next, the impact of increasing PV and EV penetrationlevels on voltage unbalance for a typical UK distribution system is assessed based on adeterministic approach. The control strategy is validated experimentally by carrying outHardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) tests. Finally, an equivalent model of the distribution systemand BESS inverter is derived, which allows to carry out a preliminary probabilisticstudy to cater for the uncertainties related to the location and size of the PVs and EVs,and to evaluate the voltage unbalance levels without and with the BESSs controlled toprovide voltage unbalance compensation.It is concluded that the proposed BESS control system may eectively reduce thevoltage unbalance levels under various loading and generating conditions. E-Thesis Swansea, Wales, UK Ancillary services, battery energy storage systems, single–phase inverter, voltage unbalance compensation, voltage unbalance factor. 24 5 2023 2023-05-24 10.23889/SUthesis.63650 COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Zhou, Zhongfu. and Jennings, Mike. Doctoral Ph.D College of Engineering 2023-10-03T15:58:21.3432415 2023-06-15T14:55:12.6698281 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering IOANNIS MEXIS 1 63650__27858__24934fcf6c0e42f5aa57916e9fdea9eb.pdf 2023_Mexis_I.final.63650.pdf 2023-06-15T15:01:34.3475581 Output 22325986 application/pdf E-Thesis – open access true Copyright: The Author, Ioannis Mexis, 2023. Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY 4.0). true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks
spellingShingle Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks
IOANNIS MEXIS
title_short Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks
title_full Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks
title_fullStr Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks
title_full_unstemmed Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks
title_sort Design of Ancillary Services for Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Voltage Unbalance in Power Distribution Networks
author_id_str_mv ac54cf4f76ef9919fb92420a820f0a83
author_id_fullname_str_mv ac54cf4f76ef9919fb92420a820f0a83_***_IOANNIS MEXIS
author IOANNIS MEXIS
author2 IOANNIS MEXIS
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publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.63650
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering
document_store_str 1
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description power system, voltage unbalance issues are expected to exacerbate. Single{phase connectedphotovoltaic (PV) panels may cause unequal three{phase power ows, resultingin unbalanced grid currents and voltages. In addition, the random charging behaviour ofPlug{in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) equipped with single{phase on{board chargersis expected to further contribute to voltage unbalance rise as the number of thesedevices grows. If voltage unbalance increases to unacceptable levels, it may have adverseeects on power system operation and on the equipment connected to it. Traditionally,the phase swapping technique has been deployed by distribution system operators forvoltage unbalance mitigation, while other mitigating techniques include the deploymentof power electronics-based devices. The majority of the devices reported in the literatureare based on three-phase congurations, including series and parallel active power lters,unied power quality conditioners (UPQCs), static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs)and, more recently, three-phase distributed generation (DG) inverters.This research proposes the use of single-phase battery energy storage systems (BESSs)for the provision of phase balancing services, which has been considered only in a few literatureworks, with most of these research papers focusing on three-phase BESSs. In thisthesis, a novel control strategy is proposed for single-phase BESS units to compensatevoltage unbalance by injecting both active and reactive power simultaneously. The proposedapproach is based on the coordinated operation of three independent single-phaseBESS inverters using local voltage and current measurements.Initially, a comprehensive literature review is performed with the following aims: arobust classication of the ancillary services currently oered by BESSs, harmonisation ofthe notation found in the literature for ancillary services, and identication of potentialfuture applications of BESSs to power grids with large number of Low Carbon Technologies(LCTs). Then, the eectiveness of the proposed voltage unbalance compensationmethod is validated in the simulation environment, where two realistic models of distributionsystems are developed. Next, the impact of increasing PV and EV penetrationlevels on voltage unbalance for a typical UK distribution system is assessed based on adeterministic approach. The control strategy is validated experimentally by carrying outHardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) tests. Finally, an equivalent model of the distribution systemand BESS inverter is derived, which allows to carry out a preliminary probabilisticstudy to cater for the uncertainties related to the location and size of the PVs and EVs,and to evaluate the voltage unbalance levels without and with the BESSs controlled toprovide voltage unbalance compensation.It is concluded that the proposed BESS control system may eectively reduce thevoltage unbalance levels under various loading and generating conditions.
published_date 2023-05-24T15:58:22Z
_version_ 1778746762509418496
score 11.037581

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