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Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite

J. Crespo-Miguel Orcid Logo, D. Garcia-Gonzalez Orcid Logo, G. Robles Orcid Logo, Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo, J.M. Martinez-Tarifa, A. Arias Orcid Logo

Composite Structures, Volume: 316, Start page: 116992

Swansea University Author: Mokarram Hossain Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116992

Abstract

Conductive polymeric composites consist of a polymeric matrix filled with conductive particles, providing electrical properties to a naturally insulating material. Their use in material extrusion printers provides great flexibility to geometrical design functional components. However, the degradatio...

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Published in: Composite Structures
ISSN: 0263-8223
Published: Elsevier BV 2023
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa63078
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However, the degradation of their mechanical behavior during and after the application of electric currents is still absent in the literature. The flow of electric currents induces material heating affecting the strength, and mechanical deformation alters the electric properties leading to bilateral dependences. These processes evolve during the application of electric fields and may degrade the material behavior permanently. In this work, we address these questions taking as baseline material a 3D printed conductive Polylactic Acid (PLA)/ Carbon Black (CB) composite. We performed multi-physical characterizations on samples with different printing orientations and lengths evaluating: i) electric behavior under direct current (DC) regime and a wideband analysis by a Frequency Response Analysis; ii) thermo-electrical behavior studying the temperature field evolution under applied electric fields; iii) thermo-mechanical behavior under uniaxial tension for different testing temperatures; iv) thermo-electrical aging/degradation effects on the mechanical behavior. The study considers a wide range of electric fields (from 180 V/m to 600 V/m) and temperatures (from 25° to 130 °C). The results show enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical stiffness when using a printing orientation parallel to the electro-mechanical loading. This coupled response is highly influenced by thermal effects due to Joule heating, especially when surpassing the glass transition and cold crystallization temperatures of the composite. The occurrence of such phase transitions governs the material degradation by promoting the growth of mesostructural pores during heating cycles arising from the application of electric fields. The obtained results are essential to unravel changes in mechanical properties when standing for continuous electric conduction and provide an experimental background for the lifetime expectance for the devices and possible thermo-electro-mechanical failure.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Composite Structures</journal><volume>316</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>116992</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0263-8223</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Smart material, 3D printing, Conductive composites, Multifunctional characterization</keywords><publishedDay>1</publishedDay><publishedMonth>4</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2023</publishedYear><publishedDate>2023-04-01</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116992</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116992</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>General Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>GENG</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>The authors acknowledge support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades under the Plan Nacional 2018 (Experimentation and modelling of mechano-electrical behavior of electroactive polymer smart structures. 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JCM acknowledges support form the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain (PRE2019-089276) and DGG acknowledges support form the Talent Attraction grant (CM 2018-2018-T2/IND-9992) from the Comunidad de Madrid.</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2023-04-27T14:55:43.2369280</lastEdited><Created>2023-04-04T13:36:34.2130910</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised</level></path><authors><author><firstname>J.</firstname><surname>Crespo-Miguel</surname><orcid>0000-0001-7775-6410</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>D.</firstname><surname>Garcia-Gonzalez</surname><orcid>0000-0003-4692-3508</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>G.</firstname><surname>Robles</surname><orcid>0000-0002-2688-9202</orcid><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Mokarram</firstname><surname>Hossain</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4616-1104</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>J.M.</firstname><surname>Martinez-Tarifa</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>A.</firstname><surname>Arias</surname><orcid>0000-0003-4696-7754</orcid><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>Under embargo</filename><originalFilename>Under embargo</originalFilename><uploaded>2023-04-04T13:42:11.4101532</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>3209598</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Accepted Manuscript</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2024-04-03T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling v2 63078 2023-04-04 Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd 0000-0002-4616-1104 Mokarram Hossain Mokarram Hossain true false 2023-04-04 GENG Conductive polymeric composites consist of a polymeric matrix filled with conductive particles, providing electrical properties to a naturally insulating material. Their use in material extrusion printers provides great flexibility to geometrical design functional components. However, the degradation of their mechanical behavior during and after the application of electric currents is still absent in the literature. The flow of electric currents induces material heating affecting the strength, and mechanical deformation alters the electric properties leading to bilateral dependences. These processes evolve during the application of electric fields and may degrade the material behavior permanently. In this work, we address these questions taking as baseline material a 3D printed conductive Polylactic Acid (PLA)/ Carbon Black (CB) composite. We performed multi-physical characterizations on samples with different printing orientations and lengths evaluating: i) electric behavior under direct current (DC) regime and a wideband analysis by a Frequency Response Analysis; ii) thermo-electrical behavior studying the temperature field evolution under applied electric fields; iii) thermo-mechanical behavior under uniaxial tension for different testing temperatures; iv) thermo-electrical aging/degradation effects on the mechanical behavior. The study considers a wide range of electric fields (from 180 V/m to 600 V/m) and temperatures (from 25° to 130 °C). The results show enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical stiffness when using a printing orientation parallel to the electro-mechanical loading. This coupled response is highly influenced by thermal effects due to Joule heating, especially when surpassing the glass transition and cold crystallization temperatures of the composite. The occurrence of such phase transitions governs the material degradation by promoting the growth of mesostructural pores during heating cycles arising from the application of electric fields. The obtained results are essential to unravel changes in mechanical properties when standing for continuous electric conduction and provide an experimental background for the lifetime expectance for the devices and possible thermo-electro-mechanical failure. Journal Article Composite Structures 316 116992 Elsevier BV 0263-8223 Smart material, 3D printing, Conductive composites, Multifunctional characterization 1 4 2023 2023-04-01 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116992 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116992 COLLEGE NANME General Engineering COLLEGE CODE GENG Swansea University The authors acknowledge support from the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades under the Plan Nacional 2018 (Experimentation and modelling of mechano-electrical behavior of electroactive polymer smart structures. No. RTI2018-094318-B-I00). JCM acknowledges support form the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain (PRE2019-089276) and DGG acknowledges support form the Talent Attraction grant (CM 2018-2018-T2/IND-9992) from the Comunidad de Madrid. 2023-04-27T14:55:43.2369280 2023-04-04T13:36:34.2130910 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised J. Crespo-Miguel 0000-0001-7775-6410 1 D. Garcia-Gonzalez 0000-0003-4692-3508 2 G. Robles 0000-0002-2688-9202 3 Mokarram Hossain 0000-0002-4616-1104 4 J.M. Martinez-Tarifa 5 A. Arias 0000-0003-4696-7754 6 Under embargo Under embargo 2023-04-04T13:42:11.4101532 Output 3209598 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2024-04-03T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite
spellingShingle Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite
Mokarram Hossain
title_short Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite
title_full Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite
title_fullStr Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite
title_full_unstemmed Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite
title_sort Thermo-electro-mechanical aging and degradation of conductive 3D printed PLA/CB composite
author_id_str_mv 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd
author_id_fullname_str_mv 140f4aa5c5ec18ec173c8542a7fddafd_***_Mokarram Hossain
author Mokarram Hossain
author2 J. Crespo-Miguel
D. Garcia-Gonzalez
G. Robles
Mokarram Hossain
J.M. Martinez-Tarifa
A. Arias
format Journal article
container_title Composite Structures
container_volume 316
container_start_page 116992
publishDate 2023
institution Swansea University
issn 0263-8223
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116992
publisher Elsevier BV
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116992
document_store_str 0
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description Conductive polymeric composites consist of a polymeric matrix filled with conductive particles, providing electrical properties to a naturally insulating material. Their use in material extrusion printers provides great flexibility to geometrical design functional components. However, the degradation of their mechanical behavior during and after the application of electric currents is still absent in the literature. The flow of electric currents induces material heating affecting the strength, and mechanical deformation alters the electric properties leading to bilateral dependences. These processes evolve during the application of electric fields and may degrade the material behavior permanently. In this work, we address these questions taking as baseline material a 3D printed conductive Polylactic Acid (PLA)/ Carbon Black (CB) composite. We performed multi-physical characterizations on samples with different printing orientations and lengths evaluating: i) electric behavior under direct current (DC) regime and a wideband analysis by a Frequency Response Analysis; ii) thermo-electrical behavior studying the temperature field evolution under applied electric fields; iii) thermo-mechanical behavior under uniaxial tension for different testing temperatures; iv) thermo-electrical aging/degradation effects on the mechanical behavior. The study considers a wide range of electric fields (from 180 V/m to 600 V/m) and temperatures (from 25° to 130 °C). The results show enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical stiffness when using a printing orientation parallel to the electro-mechanical loading. This coupled response is highly influenced by thermal effects due to Joule heating, especially when surpassing the glass transition and cold crystallization temperatures of the composite. The occurrence of such phase transitions governs the material degradation by promoting the growth of mesostructural pores during heating cycles arising from the application of electric fields. The obtained results are essential to unravel changes in mechanical properties when standing for continuous electric conduction and provide an experimental background for the lifetime expectance for the devices and possible thermo-electro-mechanical failure.
published_date 2023-04-01T14:55:41Z
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score 11.013037

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