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3D/4D printing of cellulose nanocrystals-based biomaterials: Additives for sustainable applications
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Seeram Ramakrishna,
Rehan Umer
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Volume: 251, Start page: 126287
Swansea University Author:
Mokarram Hossain
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This is an open access article under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 CC BY license
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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126287
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength,...
| Published in: | International Journal of Biological Macromolecules |
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| ISSN: | 0141-8130 |
| Published: |
Elsevier BV
2023
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| Online Access: |
Check full text
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| URI: | https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa64109 |
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| Abstract: |
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have gained significant attraction from both industrial and academic sectors, thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability with remarkable mechanical characteristics. Desirable mechanical characteristics of CNCs include high stiffness, high strength, excellent flexibility, and large surface-to-volume ratio. Additionally, the mechanical properties of CNCs can be tailored through chemical modifications for high-end applications including tissue engineering, actuating, and biomedical. Modern manufacturing methods including 3D/4D printing are highly advantageous for developing sophisticated and intricate geometries. This review highlights the major developments of additive manufactured CNCs, which promote sustainable solutions across a wide range of applications. Additionally, this contribution also presents current challenges and future research directions of CNC-based composites developed through 3D/4D printing techniques for myriad engineering sectors including tissue engineering, wound healing, wearable electronics, robotics, and anti-counterfeiting applications. Overall, this review will greatly help research scientists from chemistry, materials, biomedicine, and other disciplines to comprehend the underlying principles, mechanical properties, and applications of additively manufactured CNC-based structures. |
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| Keywords: |
3D/4D printing, Additive manufacturing, Sustainable materials, Nanocellulose, Cellulose nanocrystals |
| College: |
Faculty of Science and Engineering |
| Funders: |
Swansea University supported the open access fee. |
| Start Page: |
126287 |