Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building

Zhao, Guangling; Searle, Justin; Morgan, Joanna; Roberts, Matt; Allen, Stephen; Baker, Jenny

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102

Journal article 784 views 90 downloads

Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building

Guangling Zhao, Justin Searle

, Joanna Morgan, Matt Roberts, Stephen Allen, Jenny Baker

Procedia CIRP, Volume: 105, Pages: 613 - 618

Swansea University Authors: Guangling Zhao, Justin Searle , Joanna Morgan, Jenny Baker

PDF | Version of Record

Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license.
Download (684.74KB)

Check full text

DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102

Abstract

The energy consumption of buildings accounts for approximately 36 % of the final energy consumption in Europe, being the largest end-user. The UK government has committed to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 100 % below 1990 levels and bring all GHG emissions to net-zero by 2050.To support the r...

Full description

Published in:	Procedia CIRP
ISSN:	2212-8271
Published:	Elsevier BV 2022
Online Access:	Check full text
URI:	https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60649

first_indexed	2022-07-27T14:02:19Z
last_indexed	2023-01-13T19:20:56Z
id	cronfa60649
recordtype	SURis
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-08-12T16:52:13.8226279</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>60649</id><entry>2022-07-27</entry><title>Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>20da587f584c918135bfb383eaaec62c</sid><firstname>Guangling</firstname><surname>Zhao</surname><name>Guangling Zhao</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-1101-075X</ORCID><firstname>Justin</firstname><surname>Searle</surname><name>Justin Searle</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>c31667cbb6cb0f40a919b21756380a0b</sid><ORCID/><firstname>Joanna</firstname><surname>Morgan</surname><name>Joanna Morgan</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460</sid><firstname>Jenny</firstname><surname>Baker</surname><name>Jenny Baker</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-07-27</date><deptcode>EAAS</deptcode><abstract>The energy consumption of buildings accounts for approximately 36 % of the final energy consumption in Europe, being the largest end-user. The UK government has committed to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 100 % below 1990 levels and bring all GHG emissions to net-zero by 2050.To support the realisation of these goals the concept of an Active Building was formulated which refers to any building type, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy. The increasing deployment of rooftop photovoltaics drives the growth of energy storage to capture solar energy for later use in buildings. The Active Office was built at Swansea University, UK in 2018 and is a two-story office building. Its energy demand, including that of electric vehicle charging, is primarily met by the 23 kWp of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and 110 kW of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. When the BIPV and batteries are unable to meet the demand, electricity supplied from the grid can be used.The objective of the research is to assess the potential environmental impacts of the building energy system of BIPV and Li-ion batteries, as well as to address the lifetime and degradation of Li-ion batteries, and the associated consequences. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is employed in this research. Three operational strategies are designed regarding the interactions between the electrical grid, BIPV, and Li-ion batteries. In the best case operational scenario, using a rolling average to predict building generation and consumption, the GWP from the building operation is 33 g/kWh which is a 5 fold reduction compared with the grid emissions of 170 g/kWh. The worst case building operational strategy creates emissions of 128 g/kWh, it is still an improvement upon electricity supply by the national grid alone. This analysis demonstrates that operational strategy optimisation can reduce the environmental impacts of the Active Building concept compared with using grid electricity alone.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Procedia CIRP</journal><volume>105</volume><journalNumber/><paginationStart>613</paginationStart><paginationEnd>618</paginationEnd><publisher>Elsevier BV</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>2212-8271</issnPrint><issnElectronic/><keywords>Photovoltaics, Battery Energy storage, Life Cycle Assessment, Battery Operation</keywords><publishedDay>8</publishedDay><publishedMonth>3</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-03-08</publishedDate><doi>10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102</doi><url>http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102</url><notes>The 29th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, April 4 – 6, 2022, Leuven, Belgium. Edited by Wim Dewulf, Joost Duflou.</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Engineering and Applied Sciences School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>EAAS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm>Other</apcterm><funders>This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through ECR Fellowship NoRESt (EP/S03711X/1) and SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre (EP/N020863/1 and EP/P030831/1). Matt Roberts was supported by a Leveraged University Research Studentship, provided by the University of Bath. Dr. Stephen Allen was supported by the “The Active Building Centre Research Programme” [EP/V012053/1].</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-08-12T16:52:13.8226279</lastEdited><Created>2022-07-27T14:54:30.1585038</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Guangling</firstname><surname>Zhao</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Justin</firstname><surname>Searle</surname><orcid>0000-0003-1101-075X</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Joanna</firstname><surname>Morgan</surname><orcid/><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Matt</firstname><surname>Roberts</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Stephen</firstname><surname>Allen</surname><order>5</order></author><author><firstname>Jenny</firstname><surname>Baker</surname><order>6</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>60649__24770__9ff1a53cceb445a8b1e7770dcaa353a6.pdf</filename><originalFilename>60649.VOR.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2022-07-27T15:03:10.6113130</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>701171</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling	2022-08-12T16:52:13.8226279 v2 60649 2022-07-27 Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building 20da587f584c918135bfb383eaaec62c Guangling Zhao Guangling Zhao true false 0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0 0000-0003-1101-075X Justin Searle Justin Searle true false c31667cbb6cb0f40a919b21756380a0b Joanna Morgan Joanna Morgan true false 6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460 Jenny Baker Jenny Baker true false 2022-07-27 EAAS The energy consumption of buildings accounts for approximately 36 % of the final energy consumption in Europe, being the largest end-user. The UK government has committed to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 100 % below 1990 levels and bring all GHG emissions to net-zero by 2050.To support the realisation of these goals the concept of an Active Building was formulated which refers to any building type, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy. The increasing deployment of rooftop photovoltaics drives the growth of energy storage to capture solar energy for later use in buildings. The Active Office was built at Swansea University, UK in 2018 and is a two-story office building. Its energy demand, including that of electric vehicle charging, is primarily met by the 23 kWp of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and 110 kW of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. When the BIPV and batteries are unable to meet the demand, electricity supplied from the grid can be used.The objective of the research is to assess the potential environmental impacts of the building energy system of BIPV and Li-ion batteries, as well as to address the lifetime and degradation of Li-ion batteries, and the associated consequences. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is employed in this research. Three operational strategies are designed regarding the interactions between the electrical grid, BIPV, and Li-ion batteries. In the best case operational scenario, using a rolling average to predict building generation and consumption, the GWP from the building operation is 33 g/kWh which is a 5 fold reduction compared with the grid emissions of 170 g/kWh. The worst case building operational strategy creates emissions of 128 g/kWh, it is still an improvement upon electricity supply by the national grid alone. This analysis demonstrates that operational strategy optimisation can reduce the environmental impacts of the Active Building concept compared with using grid electricity alone. Journal Article Procedia CIRP 105 613 618 Elsevier BV 2212-8271 Photovoltaics, Battery Energy storage, Life Cycle Assessment, Battery Operation 8 3 2022 2022-03-08 10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102 The 29th CIRP Conference on Life Cycle Engineering, April 4 – 6, 2022, Leuven, Belgium. Edited by Wim Dewulf, Joost Duflou. COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University Other This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) through ECR Fellowship NoRESt (EP/S03711X/1) and SPECIFIC Innovation and Knowledge Centre (EP/N020863/1 and EP/P030831/1). Matt Roberts was supported by a Leveraged University Research Studentship, provided by the University of Bath. Dr. Stephen Allen was supported by the “The Active Building Centre Research Programme” [EP/V012053/1]. 2022-08-12T16:52:13.8226279 2022-07-27T14:54:30.1585038 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Guangling Zhao 1 Justin Searle 0000-0003-1101-075X 2 Joanna Morgan 3 Matt Roberts 4 Stephen Allen 5 Jenny Baker 6 60649__24770__9ff1a53cceb445a8b1e7770dcaa353a6.pdf 60649.VOR.pdf 2022-07-27T15:03:10.6113130 Output 701171 application/pdf Version of Record true Distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND license. true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
title	Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building
spellingShingle	Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building Guangling Zhao Justin Searle Joanna Morgan Jenny Baker
title_short	Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building
title_full	Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building
title_fullStr	Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building
title_full_unstemmed	Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building
title_sort	Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building
author_id_str_mv	20da587f584c918135bfb383eaaec62c 0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0 c31667cbb6cb0f40a919b21756380a0b 6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460
author_id_fullname_str_mv	20da587f584c918135bfb383eaaec62c_*_Guangling Zhao 0e3f2c3812f181eaed11c45554d4cdd0__Justin Searle c31667cbb6cb0f40a919b21756380a0b__Joanna Morgan 6913b56f36f0c8cd34d8c9040d2df460_*_Jenny Baker
author	Guangling Zhao Justin Searle Joanna Morgan Jenny Baker
author2	Guangling Zhao Justin Searle Joanna Morgan Matt Roberts Stephen Allen Jenny Baker
format	Journal article
container_title	Procedia CIRP
container_volume	105
container_start_page	613
publishDate	2022
institution	Swansea University
issn	2212-8271
doi_str_mv	10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102
publisher	Elsevier BV
college_str	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id	facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title	Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str	School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2022.02.102
document_store_str	1
active_str	0
description	The energy consumption of buildings accounts for approximately 36 % of the final energy consumption in Europe, being the largest end-user. The UK government has committed to cut greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 100 % below 1990 levels and bring all GHG emissions to net-zero by 2050.To support the realisation of these goals the concept of an Active Building was formulated which refers to any building type, such as factories, offices, homes, and other structures in the built environment, which are equipped to conserve, generate, store, and release energy. The increasing deployment of rooftop photovoltaics drives the growth of energy storage to capture solar energy for later use in buildings. The Active Office was built at Swansea University, UK in 2018 and is a two-story office building. Its energy demand, including that of electric vehicle charging, is primarily met by the 23 kWp of building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) and 110 kW of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. When the BIPV and batteries are unable to meet the demand, electricity supplied from the grid can be used.The objective of the research is to assess the potential environmental impacts of the building energy system of BIPV and Li-ion batteries, as well as to address the lifetime and degradation of Li-ion batteries, and the associated consequences. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is employed in this research. Three operational strategies are designed regarding the interactions between the electrical grid, BIPV, and Li-ion batteries. In the best case operational scenario, using a rolling average to predict building generation and consumption, the GWP from the building operation is 33 g/kWh which is a 5 fold reduction compared with the grid emissions of 170 g/kWh. The worst case building operational strategy creates emissions of 128 g/kWh, it is still an improvement upon electricity supply by the national grid alone. This analysis demonstrates that operational strategy optimisation can reduce the environmental impacts of the Active Building concept compared with using grid electricity alone.
published_date	2022-03-08T08:13:13Z
_version_	1821392443224883200
score	11.080252

Environmental Analysis of Integrating Photovoltaics and Energy Storage in Building

Similar Items