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Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation

April Rees Orcid Logo, Oliver Richards Orcid Logo, Anastasia Allen-Kormylo, Nick Jones Orcid Logo, Cathy Thornton Orcid Logo

Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Volume: 208, Issue: 1, Pages: 114 - 128

Swansea University Authors: April Rees Orcid Logo, Oliver Richards Orcid Logo, Nick Jones Orcid Logo, Cathy Thornton Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1093/cei/uxac023

Abstract

Healthy pregnancy is accompanied by various immunological and metabolic adaptations. Maternal obesity has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while posing a risk to the neonate. There is a lack of knowledge surroun...

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Published in: Clinical and Experimental Immunology
ISSN: 0009-9104 1365-2249
Published: Oxford University Press (OUP) 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60423
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2022-10-27T11:15:58.2198520</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>60423</id><entry>2022-07-08</entry><title>Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>ae088f7f8609d2b2ea4666f9b52b3c15</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-4408-634X</ORCID><firstname>April</firstname><surname>Rees</surname><name>April Rees</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>93c672d7c4bf8ebe19916d432f0ec7bb</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5824-2745</ORCID><firstname>Oliver</firstname><surname>Richards</surname><name>Oliver Richards</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>0fce0f7ddbdbfeb968f4e2f1e3f86744</sid><ORCID>0000-0003-4846-5117</ORCID><firstname>Nick</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><name>Nick Jones</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author><author><sid>c71a7a4be7361094d046d312202bce0c</sid><ORCID>0000-0002-5153-573X</ORCID><firstname>Cathy</firstname><surname>Thornton</surname><name>Cathy Thornton</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2022-07-08</date><deptcode>BMS</deptcode><abstract>Healthy pregnancy is accompanied by various immunological and metabolic adaptations. Maternal obesity has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while posing a risk to the neonate. There is a lack of knowledge surrounding obesity and the maternal immune system. The objective of this study was to consider if immunological changes in pregnancy are influenced by maternal obesity. Peripheral blood was collected from fasted GDM-negative pregnant women at 26&#x2013;28 weeks of gestation. Analysis was done using immunoassay, flow cytometry, bioenergetics analysis, and cell culture. The plasma profile was significantly altered with increasing BMI, specifically leptin (r = 0.7635), MCP-1 (r = 0.3024), and IL-6 (r = 0.4985). Circulating leukocyte populations were also affected with changes in the relative abundance of intermediate monocytes (r = &#x2013;0.2394), CD4:CD8 T-cell ratios (r = 0.2789), and NKT cells (r = &#x2013;0.2842). Monocytes analysed in more detail revealed elevated CCR2 expression and decreased mitochondrial content with increased BMI. However, LPS-stimulated cytokine production and bioenergetic profile of PBMCs were not affected by maternal BMI. The Th profile skews towards Th17 with increasing BMI; Th2 (r = &#x2013;0.3202) and Th9 (r = &#x2013;0.3205) cells were diminished in maternal obesity, and CytoStim&#x2122;-stimulation exacerbates IL-6 (r = 0.4166), IL-17A (r = 0.2753), IL-17F (r = 0.2973), and IL-22 (r = 0.2257) production with BMI, while decreasing IL-4 (r = &#x2013;0.2806). Maternal obesity during pregnancy creates an inflammatory microenvironment. Successful pregnancy requires Th2-biased responses yet increasing maternal BMI favours a Th17 response that could be detrimental to pregnancy. Further research should investigate key populations of cells identified here to further understand the immunological challenges that beset pregnant women with obesity.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Clinical and Experimental Immunology</journal><volume>208</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>114</paginationStart><paginationEnd>128</paginationEnd><publisher>Oxford University Press (OUP)</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>0009-9104</issnPrint><issnElectronic>1365-2249</issnElectronic><keywords>obesity, pregnancy, immunometabolism, cytokines, Th subset</keywords><publishedDay>13</publishedDay><publishedMonth>5</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-05-13</publishedDate><doi>10.1093/cei/uxac023</doi><url/><notes>The data underlying this article are available in the article and in its online supplementary material.</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biomedical Sciences</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>BMS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>Diabetes UK</funders><projectreference/><lastEdited>2022-10-27T11:15:58.2198520</lastEdited><Created>2022-07-08T16:16:00.5365815</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences</level><level id="2">Swansea University Medical School - Medicine</level></path><authors><author><firstname>April</firstname><surname>Rees</surname><orcid>0000-0002-4408-634X</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Oliver</firstname><surname>Richards</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5824-2745</orcid><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Anastasia</firstname><surname>Allen-Kormylo</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Nick</firstname><surname>Jones</surname><orcid>0000-0003-4846-5117</orcid><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>Cathy</firstname><surname>Thornton</surname><orcid>0000-0002-5153-573X</orcid><order>5</order></author></authors><documents/><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2022-10-27T11:15:58.2198520 v2 60423 2022-07-08 Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation ae088f7f8609d2b2ea4666f9b52b3c15 0000-0002-4408-634X April Rees April Rees true false 93c672d7c4bf8ebe19916d432f0ec7bb 0000-0002-5824-2745 Oliver Richards Oliver Richards true false 0fce0f7ddbdbfeb968f4e2f1e3f86744 0000-0003-4846-5117 Nick Jones Nick Jones true false c71a7a4be7361094d046d312202bce0c 0000-0002-5153-573X Cathy Thornton Cathy Thornton true false 2022-07-08 BMS Healthy pregnancy is accompanied by various immunological and metabolic adaptations. Maternal obesity has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while posing a risk to the neonate. There is a lack of knowledge surrounding obesity and the maternal immune system. The objective of this study was to consider if immunological changes in pregnancy are influenced by maternal obesity. Peripheral blood was collected from fasted GDM-negative pregnant women at 26–28 weeks of gestation. Analysis was done using immunoassay, flow cytometry, bioenergetics analysis, and cell culture. The plasma profile was significantly altered with increasing BMI, specifically leptin (r = 0.7635), MCP-1 (r = 0.3024), and IL-6 (r = 0.4985). Circulating leukocyte populations were also affected with changes in the relative abundance of intermediate monocytes (r = –0.2394), CD4:CD8 T-cell ratios (r = 0.2789), and NKT cells (r = –0.2842). Monocytes analysed in more detail revealed elevated CCR2 expression and decreased mitochondrial content with increased BMI. However, LPS-stimulated cytokine production and bioenergetic profile of PBMCs were not affected by maternal BMI. The Th profile skews towards Th17 with increasing BMI; Th2 (r = –0.3202) and Th9 (r = –0.3205) cells were diminished in maternal obesity, and CytoStim™-stimulation exacerbates IL-6 (r = 0.4166), IL-17A (r = 0.2753), IL-17F (r = 0.2973), and IL-22 (r = 0.2257) production with BMI, while decreasing IL-4 (r = –0.2806). Maternal obesity during pregnancy creates an inflammatory microenvironment. Successful pregnancy requires Th2-biased responses yet increasing maternal BMI favours a Th17 response that could be detrimental to pregnancy. Further research should investigate key populations of cells identified here to further understand the immunological challenges that beset pregnant women with obesity. Journal Article Clinical and Experimental Immunology 208 1 114 128 Oxford University Press (OUP) 0009-9104 1365-2249 obesity, pregnancy, immunometabolism, cytokines, Th subset 13 5 2022 2022-05-13 10.1093/cei/uxac023 The data underlying this article are available in the article and in its online supplementary material. COLLEGE NANME Biomedical Sciences COLLEGE CODE BMS Swansea University Diabetes UK 2022-10-27T11:15:58.2198520 2022-07-08T16:16:00.5365815 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine April Rees 0000-0002-4408-634X 1 Oliver Richards 0000-0002-5824-2745 2 Anastasia Allen-Kormylo 3 Nick Jones 0000-0003-4846-5117 4 Cathy Thornton 0000-0002-5153-573X 5
title Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation
spellingShingle Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation
April Rees
Oliver Richards
Nick Jones
Cathy Thornton
title_short Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation
title_full Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation
title_fullStr Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation
title_full_unstemmed Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation
title_sort Maternal body mass index is associated with an altered immunological profile at 28 weeks of gestation
author_id_str_mv ae088f7f8609d2b2ea4666f9b52b3c15
93c672d7c4bf8ebe19916d432f0ec7bb
0fce0f7ddbdbfeb968f4e2f1e3f86744
c71a7a4be7361094d046d312202bce0c
author_id_fullname_str_mv ae088f7f8609d2b2ea4666f9b52b3c15_***_April Rees
93c672d7c4bf8ebe19916d432f0ec7bb_***_Oliver Richards
0fce0f7ddbdbfeb968f4e2f1e3f86744_***_Nick Jones
c71a7a4be7361094d046d312202bce0c_***_Cathy Thornton
author April Rees
Oliver Richards
Nick Jones
Cathy Thornton
author2 April Rees
Oliver Richards
Anastasia Allen-Kormylo
Nick Jones
Cathy Thornton
format Journal article
container_title Clinical and Experimental Immunology
container_volume 208
container_issue 1
container_start_page 114
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 0009-9104
1365-2249
doi_str_mv 10.1093/cei/uxac023
publisher Oxford University Press (OUP)
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
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description Healthy pregnancy is accompanied by various immunological and metabolic adaptations. Maternal obesity has been implicated in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), while posing a risk to the neonate. There is a lack of knowledge surrounding obesity and the maternal immune system. The objective of this study was to consider if immunological changes in pregnancy are influenced by maternal obesity. Peripheral blood was collected from fasted GDM-negative pregnant women at 26–28 weeks of gestation. Analysis was done using immunoassay, flow cytometry, bioenergetics analysis, and cell culture. The plasma profile was significantly altered with increasing BMI, specifically leptin (r = 0.7635), MCP-1 (r = 0.3024), and IL-6 (r = 0.4985). Circulating leukocyte populations were also affected with changes in the relative abundance of intermediate monocytes (r = –0.2394), CD4:CD8 T-cell ratios (r = 0.2789), and NKT cells (r = –0.2842). Monocytes analysed in more detail revealed elevated CCR2 expression and decreased mitochondrial content with increased BMI. However, LPS-stimulated cytokine production and bioenergetic profile of PBMCs were not affected by maternal BMI. The Th profile skews towards Th17 with increasing BMI; Th2 (r = –0.3202) and Th9 (r = –0.3205) cells were diminished in maternal obesity, and CytoStim™-stimulation exacerbates IL-6 (r = 0.4166), IL-17A (r = 0.2753), IL-17F (r = 0.2973), and IL-22 (r = 0.2257) production with BMI, while decreasing IL-4 (r = –0.2806). Maternal obesity during pregnancy creates an inflammatory microenvironment. Successful pregnancy requires Th2-biased responses yet increasing maternal BMI favours a Th17 response that could be detrimental to pregnancy. Further research should investigate key populations of cells identified here to further understand the immunological challenges that beset pregnant women with obesity.
published_date 2022-05-13T04:18:31Z
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