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Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation

Dong Yan, Xingwen Lu, Shiyi Zhao, Zuhong Zhang, Mingxia Lu, Jiangtao Feng, Jingchao Zhang, Kate Spencer, Trystan Watson Orcid Logo, Meng Li, Bo Hou Orcid Logo, Fei Wang, Zhe Li

Solar RRL, Volume: 6, Issue: 9, Start page: 2200332

Swansea University Author: Trystan Watson Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/solr.202200332

Abstract

Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a highly promising next-generation photovoltaic (PV) technology that combines high device performance with ease of processing and low cost. However, the potential leaching of lead is recognized as a major environmental concern for their large...

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Published in: Solar RRL
ISSN: 2367-198X 2367-198X
Published: Wiley 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60328
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Herein, a quantitative kinetic analysis of the Pb leaching behavior of five types of benchmark PSCs, namely, MAPbI3, FA0.95MA0.05Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3, Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3, CsPbI3, and CsPbI2Br, under laboratory rainfall conditions is reported. Strikingly, over 60% of the Pb contained in the unencapsulated perovskite devices is leached within the first 120&#x2009;s under rainfall exposure, suggesting that very rapid leaching of Pb can occur when indoor and outdoor PV devices are subject to physical damage or failed encapsulation. The initial Pb leaching rate is found to be strongly dependent on the types of PSCs, pointing to a potential route toward Pb leaching reduction through further optimization of their materials design. The findings offer kinetic insights into the Pb leaching behavior of PSCs upon aqueous exposure, highlighting the urgency to develop robust mitigation methods to avoid a potentially catastrophic impact on the environment for their large-scale deployment.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Solar RRL</journal><volume>6</volume><journalNumber>9</journalNumber><paginationStart>2200332</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>Wiley</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint>2367-198X</issnPrint><issnElectronic>2367-198X</issnElectronic><keywords>indoor photovoltaics; kinetic studies; lead leaching; perovskite solar cells; quantum dots</keywords><publishedDay>9</publishedDay><publishedMonth>9</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2022</publishedYear><publishedDate>2022-09-09</publishedDate><doi>10.1002/solr.202200332</doi><url/><notes>Data Availability Statement:The data that support thefindings of this study are available from thecorresponding author upon reasonable request.</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Materials Science and Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>MTLS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><funders>National Natural Science Foundation of China. 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spelling 2022-09-27T13:58:27.3206543 v2 60328 2022-06-27 Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457 0000-0002-8015-1436 Trystan Watson Trystan Watson true false 2022-06-27 MTLS Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a highly promising next-generation photovoltaic (PV) technology that combines high device performance with ease of processing and low cost. However, the potential leaching of lead is recognized as a major environmental concern for their large-scale commercialization, especially for application areas with significant overlap with human life. Herein, a quantitative kinetic analysis of the Pb leaching behavior of five types of benchmark PSCs, namely, MAPbI3, FA0.95MA0.05Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3, Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3, CsPbI3, and CsPbI2Br, under laboratory rainfall conditions is reported. Strikingly, over 60% of the Pb contained in the unencapsulated perovskite devices is leached within the first 120 s under rainfall exposure, suggesting that very rapid leaching of Pb can occur when indoor and outdoor PV devices are subject to physical damage or failed encapsulation. The initial Pb leaching rate is found to be strongly dependent on the types of PSCs, pointing to a potential route toward Pb leaching reduction through further optimization of their materials design. The findings offer kinetic insights into the Pb leaching behavior of PSCs upon aqueous exposure, highlighting the urgency to develop robust mitigation methods to avoid a potentially catastrophic impact on the environment for their large-scale deployment. Journal Article Solar RRL 6 9 2200332 Wiley 2367-198X 2367-198X indoor photovoltaics; kinetic studies; lead leaching; perovskite solar cells; quantum dots 9 9 2022 2022-09-09 10.1002/solr.202200332 Data Availability Statement:The data that support thefindings of this study are available from thecorresponding author upon reasonable request. COLLEGE NANME Materials Science and Engineering COLLEGE CODE MTLS Swansea University National Natural Science Foundation of China. Grant Numbers: 22106021, 61704027; Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province. Grant Number: 2021A1515012372; Research Fund of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology. Grant Number: 2020B1212030010; Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. Grant Number: EP/V039717/1; Royal Society of Chemistry. Grant Number: E21-9668828170 2022-09-27T13:58:27.3206543 2022-06-27T15:25:09.8305905 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering Dong Yan 1 Xingwen Lu 2 Shiyi Zhao 3 Zuhong Zhang 4 Mingxia Lu 5 Jiangtao Feng 6 Jingchao Zhang 7 Kate Spencer 8 Trystan Watson 0000-0002-8015-1436 9 Meng Li 10 Bo Hou 0000-0001-9918-8223 11 Fei Wang 12 Zhe Li 13 60328__24605__b5ca4c632ecb47c8968f57182031741a.pdf 60328.pdf 2022-07-14T17:09:40.4642141 Output 1181451 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2022 The Authors. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation
spellingShingle Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation
Trystan Watson
title_short Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation
title_full Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation
title_fullStr Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation
title_full_unstemmed Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation
title_sort Lead Leaching of Perovskite Solar Cells in Aqueous Environments: A Quantitative Investigation
author_id_str_mv a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457
author_id_fullname_str_mv a210327b52472cfe8df9b8108d661457_***_Trystan Watson
author Trystan Watson
author2 Dong Yan
Xingwen Lu
Shiyi Zhao
Zuhong Zhang
Mingxia Lu
Jiangtao Feng
Jingchao Zhang
Kate Spencer
Trystan Watson
Meng Li
Bo Hou
Fei Wang
Zhe Li
format Journal article
container_title Solar RRL
container_volume 6
container_issue 9
container_start_page 2200332
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 2367-198X
2367-198X
doi_str_mv 10.1002/solr.202200332
publisher Wiley
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Materials Science and Engineering
document_store_str 1
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description Lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as a highly promising next-generation photovoltaic (PV) technology that combines high device performance with ease of processing and low cost. However, the potential leaching of lead is recognized as a major environmental concern for their large-scale commercialization, especially for application areas with significant overlap with human life. Herein, a quantitative kinetic analysis of the Pb leaching behavior of five types of benchmark PSCs, namely, MAPbI3, FA0.95MA0.05Pb(I0.95Br0.05)3, Cs0.05(FA0.85MA0.15)0.95Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3, CsPbI3, and CsPbI2Br, under laboratory rainfall conditions is reported. Strikingly, over 60% of the Pb contained in the unencapsulated perovskite devices is leached within the first 120 s under rainfall exposure, suggesting that very rapid leaching of Pb can occur when indoor and outdoor PV devices are subject to physical damage or failed encapsulation. The initial Pb leaching rate is found to be strongly dependent on the types of PSCs, pointing to a potential route toward Pb leaching reduction through further optimization of their materials design. The findings offer kinetic insights into the Pb leaching behavior of PSCs upon aqueous exposure, highlighting the urgency to develop robust mitigation methods to avoid a potentially catastrophic impact on the environment for their large-scale deployment.
published_date 2022-09-09T04:18:21Z
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score 11.036553

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