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Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise

Adam Runacres, Kelly Mackintosh Orcid Logo, Tim Evans, Melitta McNarry Orcid Logo

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Volume: 19, Issue: 12, Start page: 7410

Swansea University Authors: Adam Runacres, Kelly Mackintosh Orcid Logo, Melitta McNarry Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/ijerph19127410

Abstract

Whilst participation in regular exercise and sport has generally increased over recent decades globally, fundamental questions remain regarding the influence of growth, maturation, and sex on the magnitude of training response throughout adolescence. Trained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.3 ±...

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Published in: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
ISSN: 1660-4601
Published: MDPI AG 2022
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa60248
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Trained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.3 &#xB1; 1.8 years) and untrained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.7 &#xB1; 1.7 years) adolescents completed an incremental ramp test to exhaustion during which breath by gas exchange, beat-by-beat heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q&#x307;) and muscle deoxygenation were assessed. Device-based physical activity was also assessed over seven consecutive days. Boys, irrespective of training status, had a significantly higher absolute (2.65 &#xB1; 0.70 l min&#x2212;1 vs. 2.01 &#xB1; 0.45 l min&#x2212;1, p &lt; 0.01) and allometrically scaled (183.8 &#xB1; 31.4 mL&#xB7;kg&#x2212;b min&#x2212;1 vs. 146.5 &#xB1; 28.5 mL&#xB7;kg&#x2212;b min&#x2212;1, p &lt; 0.01) peak oxygen uptake (V&#x307;O2) than girls. There were no sex differences in peak HR, SV or Q&#x307; but boys had a higher muscle deoxygenation plateau when expressed against absolute work rate and V&#x307;O2 (p &lt; 0.05). Muscle deoxygenation appears to be more important in determining the sex dif-ferences in peak V&#x307;O2 in youth. 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spelling 2022-06-29T11:37:08.2736208 v2 60248 2022-06-15 Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise 2a650b8b1240fe1382ce33ff2661d62e Adam Runacres Adam Runacres true false bdb20e3f31bcccf95c7bc116070c4214 0000-0003-0355-6357 Kelly Mackintosh Kelly Mackintosh true false 062f5697ff59f004bc8c713955988398 0000-0003-0813-7477 Melitta McNarry Melitta McNarry true false 2022-06-15 FGSEN Whilst participation in regular exercise and sport has generally increased over recent decades globally, fundamental questions remain regarding the influence of growth, maturation, and sex on the magnitude of training response throughout adolescence. Trained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.3 ± 1.8 years) and untrained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.7 ± 1.7 years) adolescents completed an incremental ramp test to exhaustion during which breath by gas exchange, beat-by-beat heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q̇) and muscle deoxygenation were assessed. Device-based physical activity was also assessed over seven consecutive days. Boys, irrespective of training status, had a significantly higher absolute (2.65 ± 0.70 l min−1 vs. 2.01 ± 0.45 l min−1, p < 0.01) and allometrically scaled (183.8 ± 31.4 mL·kg−b min−1 vs. 146.5 ± 28.5 mL·kg−b min−1, p < 0.01) peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2) than girls. There were no sex differences in peak HR, SV or Q̇ but boys had a higher muscle deoxygenation plateau when expressed against absolute work rate and V̇O2 (p < 0.05). Muscle deoxygenation appears to be more important in determining the sex dif-ferences in peak V̇O2 in youth. Future research should examine the effects of sex on the response to different training methodologies in youth. Journal Article International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19 12 7410 MDPI AG 1660-4601 Aerobic fitness; children; exercise; performance; physiology 16 6 2022 2022-06-16 10.3390/ijerph19127410 COLLEGE NANME Science and Engineering - Faculty COLLEGE CODE FGSEN Swansea University This work was supported by the Knowledge Economy Skills Scholarships (KESS).It is part funded by the Welsh Government’s European Social Fund (ESF) convergence programme for West Wales and the Valleys. 2022-06-29T11:37:08.2736208 2022-06-15T12:14:17.4024697 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Adam Runacres 1 Kelly Mackintosh 0000-0003-0355-6357 2 Tim Evans 3 Melitta McNarry 0000-0003-0813-7477 4 60248__24411__facd9cfb4dba45778c9c0a18fa17db05.pdf 60248.pdf 2022-06-29T11:34:53.5486455 Output 341092 application/pdf Version of Record true Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise
spellingShingle Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise
Adam Runacres
Kelly Mackintosh
Melitta McNarry
title_short Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise
title_full Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise
title_fullStr Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise
title_full_unstemmed Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise
title_sort Effects of Sex, Training, and Maturity Status on the Cardiopulmonary and Muscle Deoxygenation Responses during Incremental Ramp Exercise
author_id_str_mv 2a650b8b1240fe1382ce33ff2661d62e
bdb20e3f31bcccf95c7bc116070c4214
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author_id_fullname_str_mv 2a650b8b1240fe1382ce33ff2661d62e_***_Adam Runacres
bdb20e3f31bcccf95c7bc116070c4214_***_Kelly Mackintosh
062f5697ff59f004bc8c713955988398_***_Melitta McNarry
author Adam Runacres
Kelly Mackintosh
Melitta McNarry
author2 Adam Runacres
Kelly Mackintosh
Tim Evans
Melitta McNarry
format Journal article
container_title International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
container_volume 19
container_issue 12
container_start_page 7410
publishDate 2022
institution Swansea University
issn 1660-4601
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ijerph19127410
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences
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description Whilst participation in regular exercise and sport has generally increased over recent decades globally, fundamental questions remain regarding the influence of growth, maturation, and sex on the magnitude of training response throughout adolescence. Trained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.3 ± 1.8 years) and untrained (108 participants, 43 girls; age: 14.7 ± 1.7 years) adolescents completed an incremental ramp test to exhaustion during which breath by gas exchange, beat-by-beat heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (Q̇) and muscle deoxygenation were assessed. Device-based physical activity was also assessed over seven consecutive days. Boys, irrespective of training status, had a significantly higher absolute (2.65 ± 0.70 l min−1 vs. 2.01 ± 0.45 l min−1, p < 0.01) and allometrically scaled (183.8 ± 31.4 mL·kg−b min−1 vs. 146.5 ± 28.5 mL·kg−b min−1, p < 0.01) peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2) than girls. There were no sex differences in peak HR, SV or Q̇ but boys had a higher muscle deoxygenation plateau when expressed against absolute work rate and V̇O2 (p < 0.05). Muscle deoxygenation appears to be more important in determining the sex dif-ferences in peak V̇O2 in youth. Future research should examine the effects of sex on the response to different training methodologies in youth.
published_date 2022-06-16T04:18:12Z
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