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Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications / MATTHEW REES

Swansea University Author: MATTHEW REES

  • Redacted version - open access under embargo until: 9th November 2026

DOI (Published version): 10.23889/SUthesis.58981

Abstract

This thesis concerns with the investigation of electrochemical processes at the electrode interface, using different electrode materials coated with anion exchange polymers. There is an ongoing interest in analytical chemistry, with focus on developing sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity t...

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Published: Swansea 2021
Institution: Swansea University
Degree level: Doctoral
Degree name: Ph.D
Supervisor: Bertoncello, Paolo ; Ju-Nam, YK
URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58981
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fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2021-12-14T12:54:31.5852459</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>58981</id><entry>2021-12-09</entry><title>Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>b2323b5b0af7a223636773b06266f3bc</sid><firstname>MATTHEW</firstname><surname>REES</surname><name>MATTHEW REES</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2021-12-09</date><abstract>This thesis concerns with the investigation of electrochemical processes at the electrode interface, using different electrode materials coated with anion exchange polymers. There is an ongoing interest in analytical chemistry, with focus on developing sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity to detect specific analytes, sensors can be fabricated to enhance these characteristics. Anion conducting polymers usually used in Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC), which gives the potential to use non-platinum based electrocatalysts in its operation, are useful in this respect in electroanalytical applications, as their selectivity towards negative species in solution allow their preconcentration at the electrode surface. Two polymers were used in this project, Hexamethyl-p-terphenyl poly(benzimidazolium) - HMT-PMBI and poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)-g-poly(benzyl-trimethylammonium chloride) &#x2013; BTMA. The former was utilized by dropcasting solution onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and layering indium tin oxide substrate (ITO) with Langmuir Schaefer (LS) films and BTMA was used to fabricate a modified carbon paste electrode. Amperometric sensors are very attractive compared to other analytical methods such as, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and molecular absorption spectrometry (MAS) because of their potential low cost and the possibility to perform measurements in situ using portable devices. Applications for these devices can be utilised in many industries, including medical, environmental and food. A common example of a commercial sensor is the blood glucose sensor, which uses the enzyme glucose oxidase to break blood glucose down. To investigate the basic electrochemical properties of the different electrodes, redox mediators were used. These oxidation and reduction reactions agree with the theory i.e. Randles &#x2013; Sevcik equation and the calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient. This was calculated to be 10-9 &#x2013; 10-10 for HMT-PMBI coated electrode. The significance of this is, the smaller the diffusion coefficient the slower the rate of diffusion through a substance.In order to ascertain the suitability of the as-prepared ionomer films and paste for electrocatalytic sensing studies, investigations into the electrochemical behavior of HMT-PMBI and BTMA towards the detection of mercury (Hg), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). These have been selected to study because they are negative species, and hence the polymer is positive which will have selectivity towards these. All modified electrodes show attractive limit of detections for UA and AA i.e. in the range of harmful levels in blood and urine &#x2013; over 530 &#xB5;M in females and 619 &#xB5;M in males for UA, and sensitives compared to selected peer reviewed journals which have also used sensors for the detection of analytes in this project. Where the detection limits range from 0.05 &#x2013; 15 &#xB5;M81-95 for UA and 0.002 &#x2013; 300 &#xB5;M for AA80-87,114-120. Compared to this work where the detection limits for BTMA-CPE range between 0.84 &#x2013; 9.5 &#x3BC;M for UA, 1.43 &#x2013; 50 &#x3BC;M for AA, the HMT-PMBI GCE range between 6 &#x2013; 18 &#x3BC;M for UA, 17 &#x2013; 81 &#x3BC;M for AA and the 20L HMT-PMBI ITO range between 2.2 &#x2013; 26 &#x3BC;M for UA, 16.9 &#x2013; 19.1 &#x3BC;M for AA.</abstract><type>E-Thesis</type><journal/><volume/><journalNumber/><paginationStart/><paginationEnd/><publisher/><placeOfPublication>Swansea</placeOfPublication><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic/><keywords>nanotechnology, electrochemistry, anion exchange polymers</keywords><publishedDay>9</publishedDay><publishedMonth>12</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2021</publishedYear><publishedDate>2021-12-09</publishedDate><doi>10.23889/SUthesis.58981</doi><url/><notes>A selection of third party content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis due to copyright restrictions.</notes><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><supervisor>Bertoncello, Paolo ; Ju-Nam, YK</supervisor><degreelevel>Doctoral</degreelevel><degreename>Ph.D</degreename><degreesponsorsfunders>KESS</degreesponsorsfunders><apcterm/><lastEdited>2021-12-14T12:54:31.5852459</lastEdited><Created>2021-12-09T10:59:18.8468618</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised</level></path><authors><author><firstname>MATTHEW</firstname><surname>REES</surname><order>1</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>Under embargo</filename><originalFilename>Under embargo</originalFilename><uploaded>2021-12-09T12:09:23.0268095</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>10581070</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Redacted version - open access</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><embargoDate>2026-11-09T00:00:00.0000000</embargoDate><documentNotes>Copyright: The author, Matthew J. Rees, 2021.</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2021-12-14T12:54:31.5852459 v2 58981 2021-12-09 Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications b2323b5b0af7a223636773b06266f3bc MATTHEW REES MATTHEW REES true false 2021-12-09 This thesis concerns with the investigation of electrochemical processes at the electrode interface, using different electrode materials coated with anion exchange polymers. There is an ongoing interest in analytical chemistry, with focus on developing sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity to detect specific analytes, sensors can be fabricated to enhance these characteristics. Anion conducting polymers usually used in Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC), which gives the potential to use non-platinum based electrocatalysts in its operation, are useful in this respect in electroanalytical applications, as their selectivity towards negative species in solution allow their preconcentration at the electrode surface. Two polymers were used in this project, Hexamethyl-p-terphenyl poly(benzimidazolium) - HMT-PMBI and poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)-g-poly(benzyl-trimethylammonium chloride) – BTMA. The former was utilized by dropcasting solution onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and layering indium tin oxide substrate (ITO) with Langmuir Schaefer (LS) films and BTMA was used to fabricate a modified carbon paste electrode. Amperometric sensors are very attractive compared to other analytical methods such as, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and molecular absorption spectrometry (MAS) because of their potential low cost and the possibility to perform measurements in situ using portable devices. Applications for these devices can be utilised in many industries, including medical, environmental and food. A common example of a commercial sensor is the blood glucose sensor, which uses the enzyme glucose oxidase to break blood glucose down. To investigate the basic electrochemical properties of the different electrodes, redox mediators were used. These oxidation and reduction reactions agree with the theory i.e. Randles – Sevcik equation and the calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient. This was calculated to be 10-9 – 10-10 for HMT-PMBI coated electrode. The significance of this is, the smaller the diffusion coefficient the slower the rate of diffusion through a substance.In order to ascertain the suitability of the as-prepared ionomer films and paste for electrocatalytic sensing studies, investigations into the electrochemical behavior of HMT-PMBI and BTMA towards the detection of mercury (Hg), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). These have been selected to study because they are negative species, and hence the polymer is positive which will have selectivity towards these. All modified electrodes show attractive limit of detections for UA and AA i.e. in the range of harmful levels in blood and urine – over 530 µM in females and 619 µM in males for UA, and sensitives compared to selected peer reviewed journals which have also used sensors for the detection of analytes in this project. Where the detection limits range from 0.05 – 15 µM81-95 for UA and 0.002 – 300 µM for AA80-87,114-120. Compared to this work where the detection limits for BTMA-CPE range between 0.84 – 9.5 μM for UA, 1.43 – 50 μM for AA, the HMT-PMBI GCE range between 6 – 18 μM for UA, 17 – 81 μM for AA and the 20L HMT-PMBI ITO range between 2.2 – 26 μM for UA, 16.9 – 19.1 μM for AA. E-Thesis Swansea nanotechnology, electrochemistry, anion exchange polymers 9 12 2021 2021-12-09 10.23889/SUthesis.58981 A selection of third party content is redacted or is partially redacted from this thesis due to copyright restrictions. COLLEGE NANME COLLEGE CODE Swansea University Bertoncello, Paolo ; Ju-Nam, YK Doctoral Ph.D KESS 2021-12-14T12:54:31.5852459 2021-12-09T10:59:18.8468618 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised MATTHEW REES 1 Under embargo Under embargo 2021-12-09T12:09:23.0268095 Output 10581070 application/pdf Redacted version - open access true 2026-11-09T00:00:00.0000000 Copyright: The author, Matthew J. Rees, 2021. true eng
title Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications
spellingShingle Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications
MATTHEW REES
title_short Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications
title_full Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications
title_fullStr Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications
title_full_unstemmed Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications
title_sort Preparation and electrochemical characterisation of anion exchange polymer coated electrodes towards sensing applications
author_id_str_mv b2323b5b0af7a223636773b06266f3bc
author_id_fullname_str_mv b2323b5b0af7a223636773b06266f3bc_***_MATTHEW REES
author MATTHEW REES
author2 MATTHEW REES
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institution Swansea University
doi_str_mv 10.23889/SUthesis.58981
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Uncategorised
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description This thesis concerns with the investigation of electrochemical processes at the electrode interface, using different electrode materials coated with anion exchange polymers. There is an ongoing interest in analytical chemistry, with focus on developing sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity to detect specific analytes, sensors can be fabricated to enhance these characteristics. Anion conducting polymers usually used in Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFC), which gives the potential to use non-platinum based electrocatalysts in its operation, are useful in this respect in electroanalytical applications, as their selectivity towards negative species in solution allow their preconcentration at the electrode surface. Two polymers were used in this project, Hexamethyl-p-terphenyl poly(benzimidazolium) - HMT-PMBI and poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)-g-poly(benzyl-trimethylammonium chloride) – BTMA. The former was utilized by dropcasting solution onto glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and layering indium tin oxide substrate (ITO) with Langmuir Schaefer (LS) films and BTMA was used to fabricate a modified carbon paste electrode. Amperometric sensors are very attractive compared to other analytical methods such as, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and molecular absorption spectrometry (MAS) because of their potential low cost and the possibility to perform measurements in situ using portable devices. Applications for these devices can be utilised in many industries, including medical, environmental and food. A common example of a commercial sensor is the blood glucose sensor, which uses the enzyme glucose oxidase to break blood glucose down. To investigate the basic electrochemical properties of the different electrodes, redox mediators were used. These oxidation and reduction reactions agree with the theory i.e. Randles – Sevcik equation and the calculation of the apparent diffusion coefficient. This was calculated to be 10-9 – 10-10 for HMT-PMBI coated electrode. The significance of this is, the smaller the diffusion coefficient the slower the rate of diffusion through a substance.In order to ascertain the suitability of the as-prepared ionomer films and paste for electrocatalytic sensing studies, investigations into the electrochemical behavior of HMT-PMBI and BTMA towards the detection of mercury (Hg), uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). These have been selected to study because they are negative species, and hence the polymer is positive which will have selectivity towards these. All modified electrodes show attractive limit of detections for UA and AA i.e. in the range of harmful levels in blood and urine – over 530 µM in females and 619 µM in males for UA, and sensitives compared to selected peer reviewed journals which have also used sensors for the detection of analytes in this project. Where the detection limits range from 0.05 – 15 µM81-95 for UA and 0.002 – 300 µM for AA80-87,114-120. Compared to this work where the detection limits for BTMA-CPE range between 0.84 – 9.5 μM for UA, 1.43 – 50 μM for AA, the HMT-PMBI GCE range between 6 – 18 μM for UA, 17 – 81 μM for AA and the 20L HMT-PMBI ITO range between 2.2 – 26 μM for UA, 16.9 – 19.1 μM for AA.
published_date 2021-12-09T04:15:56Z
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score 11.013148

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