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Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code

Ihsan Al-affan, Mohammad Qutub, Richard Hugtenburg Orcid Logo

Scientific Reports, Volume: 11, Issue: 1

Swansea University Authors: Ihsan Al-affan, Mohammad Qutub, Richard Hugtenburg Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41598-021-96026-y

Abstract

There is an increased interest in determining the photon reflection coefficient for layered systems consisting of lead (Pb) and concrete. The generation of accurate reflection coefficient data has implications for many fields, especially radiation protection, industry, and radiotherapy room design....

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Published in: Scientific Reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58678
first_indexed 2021-11-15T15:24:28Z
last_indexed 2021-12-08T04:18:54Z
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spelling 2021-12-07T15:27:46.1433388 v2 58678 2021-11-15 Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code 8b20e64bf4213acb48ff8ceb777bfb1e Ihsan Al-affan Ihsan Al-affan true false 5f1da18133cb6e7e96fcbcd5c8e37cfb Mohammad Qutub Mohammad Qutub true false efd2f52ea19cb047e01a01e6fa6fa54c 0000-0003-0352-9607 Richard Hugtenburg Richard Hugtenburg true false 2021-11-15 MEDS There is an increased interest in determining the photon reflection coefficient for layered systems consisting of lead (Pb) and concrete. The generation of accurate reflection coefficient data has implications for many fields, especially radiation protection, industry, and radiotherapy room design. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the reflection coefficients of photons for various lead thicknesses covering the concrete. This new data for lead, layered over concrete, supports various applications, such as an improved design of the mazes used for radiotherapy rooms, which helps to reduce cost and space requirements. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was used to calculate photon reflection coefficients for a concrete wall with different energies. The reflection coefficient was also calculated for a concrete wall covered by varying thicknesses of lead to study the effect of lining this metal on the concrete wall. The concrete's reflection coefficient data were compared to internationally published data and showed that Monte Carlo calculations differed significantly from some of the extrapolated data. The absorbed dose of backscattered photons for various thicknesses of lead covering the ordinary concrete has been tabulated as a function of the reflection angle. Also, the reflection coefficient as a function of the Pb thicknesses covering the ordinary concrete has been figured to study the dose reduction factor. The generation of accurate data for reflection coefficients is vital for many fields, especially for radiation protection and radiotherapy room design. The new data have been presented for lead layered over concrete in various applications, such as an improvement in the design of the mazes used for radiotherapy rooms, thereby reducing the cost and space requirements. In addition, the Monte Carlo method enables calculating the energy distribution of reflected photons, and these were shown for a range of angles. Journal Article Scientific Reports 11 1 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2045-2322 15 9 2021 2021-09-15 10.1038/s41598-021-96026-y COLLEGE NANME Medical School COLLEGE CODE MEDS Swansea University 2021-12-07T15:27:46.1433388 2021-11-15T15:22:42.1552043 Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Swansea University Medical School - Medicine Ihsan Al-affan 1 Mohammad Qutub 2 Richard Hugtenburg 0000-0003-0352-9607 3 58678__21834__7a739f1c7472481487bd642d2fdd488a.pdf 58678.pdf 2021-12-07T15:25:32.4533070 Output 2261081 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code
spellingShingle Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code
Ihsan Al-affan
Mohammad Qutub
Richard Hugtenburg
title_short Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code
title_full Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code
title_fullStr Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code
title_full_unstemmed Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code
title_sort Monte Carlo simulation of photons backscattering from various thicknesses of lead layered over concrete for energies 0.25–20 MeV using FLUKA code
author_id_str_mv 8b20e64bf4213acb48ff8ceb777bfb1e
5f1da18133cb6e7e96fcbcd5c8e37cfb
efd2f52ea19cb047e01a01e6fa6fa54c
author_id_fullname_str_mv 8b20e64bf4213acb48ff8ceb777bfb1e_***_Ihsan Al-affan
5f1da18133cb6e7e96fcbcd5c8e37cfb_***_Mohammad Qutub
efd2f52ea19cb047e01a01e6fa6fa54c_***_Richard Hugtenburg
author Ihsan Al-affan
Mohammad Qutub
Richard Hugtenburg
author2 Ihsan Al-affan
Mohammad Qutub
Richard Hugtenburg
format Journal article
container_title Scientific Reports
container_volume 11
container_issue 1
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 2045-2322
doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41598-021-96026-y
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofmedicinehealthandlifesciences
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences
department_str Swansea University Medical School - Medicine{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences{{{_:::_}}}Swansea University Medical School - Medicine
document_store_str 1
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description There is an increased interest in determining the photon reflection coefficient for layered systems consisting of lead (Pb) and concrete. The generation of accurate reflection coefficient data has implications for many fields, especially radiation protection, industry, and radiotherapy room design. Therefore, this study aims to calculate the reflection coefficients of photons for various lead thicknesses covering the concrete. This new data for lead, layered over concrete, supports various applications, such as an improved design of the mazes used for radiotherapy rooms, which helps to reduce cost and space requirements. The FLUKA Monte Carlo code was used to calculate photon reflection coefficients for a concrete wall with different energies. The reflection coefficient was also calculated for a concrete wall covered by varying thicknesses of lead to study the effect of lining this metal on the concrete wall. The concrete's reflection coefficient data were compared to internationally published data and showed that Monte Carlo calculations differed significantly from some of the extrapolated data. The absorbed dose of backscattered photons for various thicknesses of lead covering the ordinary concrete has been tabulated as a function of the reflection angle. Also, the reflection coefficient as a function of the Pb thicknesses covering the ordinary concrete has been figured to study the dose reduction factor. The generation of accurate data for reflection coefficients is vital for many fields, especially for radiation protection and radiotherapy room design. The new data have been presented for lead layered over concrete in various applications, such as an improvement in the design of the mazes used for radiotherapy rooms, thereby reducing the cost and space requirements. In addition, the Monte Carlo method enables calculating the energy distribution of reflected photons, and these were shown for a range of angles.
published_date 2021-09-15T08:07:11Z
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score 11.047848

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