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The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7

Qingyuan Yang, Susanna F. Jenkins, Geoffrey A. Lerner, Weiran Li, Takehiko Suzuki, Danielle McLean, A. N. Derkachev, I. V. Utkin, Haiquan Wei, Jiandong Xu, Bo Pan

Bulletin of Volcanology, Volume: 83, Issue: 11, Start page: 74

Swansea University Author: Danielle McLean

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DOI (Published version): 10.1007/s00445-021-01487-8

Abstract

The Millennium Eruption (AD 946–947) of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is one of the largest known eruptions in recorded history. With the help of previously published isopachs and distal ash thicknesses, we re-calculate the bulk volume of its distal eruptive product, the B-Tm ash, as 27–62 km3 and th...

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Published in: Bulletin of Volcanology
ISSN: 0258-8900 1432-0819
Published: Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa58671
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first_indexed 2021-11-15T14:20:42Z
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spelling 2021-12-07T16:31:40.7128673 v2 58671 2021-11-15 The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7 91d9fbf175c1335f16e8c2611c299c67 Danielle McLean Danielle McLean true false 2021-11-15 SGE The Millennium Eruption (AD 946–947) of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is one of the largest known eruptions in recorded history. With the help of previously published isopachs and distal ash thicknesses, we re-calculate the bulk volume of its distal eruptive product, the B-Tm ash, as 27–62 km3 and the total eruption volume as 40–98 km3. The updated volume estimates are around half of those estimated by previous studies of this seminal eruption. Our work shows that the Millennium Eruption is a VEI-6 eruption, rather than VEI-7 as previously envisaged, and its magnitude is also lower than previously thought. This has implications for regional frequency-magnitude relationships and may also partially explain the limited regional, rather than global, climatic effects of the Millennium Eruption. Journal Article Bulletin of Volcanology 83 11 74 Springer Science and Business Media LLC 0258-8900 1432-0819 Millennium eruption; Changbaishan tianchi volcano; Isopachs; B-Tm ash; Tephra volume; VEI 23 10 2021 2021-10-23 10.1007/s00445-021-01487-8 COLLEGE NANME Geography COLLEGE CODE SGE Swansea University National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative (Project Number: NRF2018NRF-NSFC003ES-010); AXA Joint Research Initiative under the project “Volcanic Risk Assessment in Asia”; National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41861144025); 2021-12-07T16:31:40.7128673 2021-11-15T14:18:41.7447645 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography Qingyuan Yang 1 Susanna F. Jenkins 2 Geoffrey A. Lerner 3 Weiran Li 4 Takehiko Suzuki 5 Danielle McLean 6 A. N. Derkachev 7 I. V. Utkin 8 Haiquan Wei 9 Jiandong Xu 10 Bo Pan 11 58671__21540__9ceba0db432e4d20a6f194ddd3d154af.pdf 445_2021_Article_1487.pdf 2021-11-15T14:18:41.7447025 Output 2275358 application/pdf Version of Record true © The Author(s) 2021. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7
spellingShingle The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7
Danielle McLean
title_short The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7
title_full The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7
title_fullStr The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7
title_full_unstemmed The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7
title_sort The Millennium Eruption of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is VEI 6, not 7
author_id_str_mv 91d9fbf175c1335f16e8c2611c299c67
author_id_fullname_str_mv 91d9fbf175c1335f16e8c2611c299c67_***_Danielle McLean
author Danielle McLean
author2 Qingyuan Yang
Susanna F. Jenkins
Geoffrey A. Lerner
Weiran Li
Takehiko Suzuki
Danielle McLean
A. N. Derkachev
I. V. Utkin
Haiquan Wei
Jiandong Xu
Bo Pan
format Journal article
container_title Bulletin of Volcanology
container_volume 83
container_issue 11
container_start_page 74
publishDate 2021
institution Swansea University
issn 0258-8900
1432-0819
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00445-021-01487-8
publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
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hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Geography
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The Millennium Eruption (AD 946–947) of Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano is one of the largest known eruptions in recorded history. With the help of previously published isopachs and distal ash thicknesses, we re-calculate the bulk volume of its distal eruptive product, the B-Tm ash, as 27–62 km3 and the total eruption volume as 40–98 km3. The updated volume estimates are around half of those estimated by previous studies of this seminal eruption. Our work shows that the Millennium Eruption is a VEI-6 eruption, rather than VEI-7 as previously envisaged, and its magnitude is also lower than previously thought. This has implications for regional frequency-magnitude relationships and may also partially explain the limited regional, rather than global, climatic effects of the Millennium Eruption.
published_date 2021-10-23T04:15:22Z
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score 11.037603

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