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Spatial inequalities of COVID-19 mortality rate in relation to socioeconomic and environmental factors across England

Yeran Sun, Xuke Hu, Jing Xie

Science of The Total Environment, Volume: 758, Issue: 143595, Start page: 143595

Swansea University Author: Yeran Sun

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Abstract

In this study, we aimed to examine spatial inequalities of COVID-19 mortality rate in relation to spatial inequalities of socioeconomic and environmental factors across England. Specifically, we first explored spatial patterns of COVID-19 mortality rate in comparison to non-COVID-19 mortality rate....

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Published in: Science of The Total Environment
ISSN: 0048-9697
Published: Elsevier BV 2021
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa56127
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Abstract: In this study, we aimed to examine spatial inequalities of COVID-19 mortality rate in relation to spatial inequalities of socioeconomic and environmental factors across England. Specifically, we first explored spatial patterns of COVID-19 mortality rate in comparison to non-COVID-19 mortality rate. Subsequently, we established models to investigate contributions of socioeconomic and environmental factors to spatial variations of COVID-19 mortality rate across England (N = 317). Two newly developed specifications of spatial regression models were established successfully to estimate COVID-19 mortality rate (R2 = 0.49 and R2 = 0.793). The level of spatial inequalities of COVID-19 mortality is higher than that of non-COVID-19 mortality in England. Although global spatial association of COVID-19 mortality and non-COVID-19 mortality is positive, local spatial association of COVID-19 mortality and non-COVID-19 mortality is negative in some areas. Expectedly, hospital accessibility is negatively related to COVID-19 mortality rate. Percent of Asians, percent of Blacks, and unemployment rate are positively related to COVID-19 mortality rate. More importantly, relative humidity is negatively related to COVID-19 mortality rate. Moreover, among the spatial models estimated, the ‘random effects specification of eigenvector spatial filtering model’ outperforms the ‘matrix exponential spatial specification of spatial autoregressive model’.
Keywords: COVID-19 mortality; Spatial disparities; Matrix exponential spatial specification model; Eigenvector spatial filtering model; Socioeconomic disadvantage
College: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Issue: 143595
Start Page: 143595