No Cover Image

Journal article 972 views 119 downloads

Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation

Antonio Martinez Muniz Orcid Logo, John Barker

Materials, Volume: 13, Issue: 15, Start page: 3326

Swansea University Author: Antonio Martinez Muniz Orcid Logo

  • 55115.pdf

    PDF | Version of Record

    © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY) License

    Download (9.53MB)

Check full text

DOI (Published version): 10.3390/ma13153326

Abstract

A review and perspective is presented of the classical, semi-classical and fully quantum routes to the simulation of electro-thermal phenomena in ultra-scaled silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. It is shown that the physics of ultra-scaled devices requires at least a coupled electron quantum...

Full description

Published in: Materials
ISSN: 1996-1944
Published: MDPI AG 2020
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa55115
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
first_indexed 2020-09-03T10:07:57Z
last_indexed 2021-06-02T03:19:01Z
id cronfa55115
recordtype SURis
fullrecord <?xml version="1.0"?><rfc1807><datestamp>2021-06-01T09:48:39.4597491</datestamp><bib-version>v2</bib-version><id>55115</id><entry>2020-09-03</entry><title>Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation</title><swanseaauthors><author><sid>cd433784251add853672979313f838ec</sid><ORCID>0000-0001-8131-7242</ORCID><firstname>Antonio</firstname><surname>Martinez Muniz</surname><name>Antonio Martinez Muniz</name><active>true</active><ethesisStudent>false</ethesisStudent></author></swanseaauthors><date>2020-09-03</date><deptcode>EEEG</deptcode><abstract>A review and perspective is presented of the classical, semi-classical and fully quantum routes to the simulation of electro-thermal phenomena in ultra-scaled silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. It is shown that the physics of ultra-scaled devices requires at least a coupled electron quantum transport semi-classical heat equation model outlined here. The importance of the local density of states (LDOS) is discussed from classical to fully quantum versions. It is shown that the minimal quantum approach requires self-consistency with the Poisson equation and that the electronic LDOS must be determined within at least the self-consistent Born approximation. To bring in this description and to provide the energy resolved local carrier distributions it is necessary to adopt the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) formalism, briefly surveyed here. The NEGF approach describes quantum coherent and dissipative transport, Pauli exclusion and non-equilibrium conditions inside the device. There are two extremes of NEGF used in the community. The most fundamental is based on coupled equations for the Green functions electrons and phonons that are computed at the atomically resolved level within the nanowire channel and into the surrounding device structure using a tight binding Hamiltonian. It has the advantage of treating both the non-equilibrium heat flow within the electron and phonon systems even when the phonon energy distributions are not described by a temperature model. The disadvantage is the grand challenge level of computational complexity. The second approach, that we focus on here, is more useful for fast multiple simulations of devices important for TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design). It retains the fundamental quantum transport model for the electrons but subsumes the description of the energy distribution of the local phonon sub-system statistics into a semi-classical Fourier heat equation that is sourced by the local heat dissipation from the electron system. It is shown that this self-consistent approach retains the salient features of the full-scale approach. For focus, we outline our electro-thermal simulations for a typical narrow Si nanowire gate all-around field-effect transistor. The self-consistent Born approximation is used to describe electron-phonon scattering as the source of heat dissipation to the lattice. We calculated the effect of the device self-heating on the current voltage characteristics. Our fast and simpler methodology closely reproduces the results of a more fundamental compute-intensive calculations in which the phonon system is treated on the same footing as the electron system. We computed the local power dissipation and &#x201C;local lattice temperature&#x201D; profiles. We compared the self-heating using hot electron heating and the Joule heating, i.e., assuming the electron system was in local equilibrium with the potential. Our simulations show that at low bias the source region of the device has a tendency to cool down for the case of the hot electron heating but not for the case of Joule heating. Our methodology opens the possibility of studying thermoelectricity at nano-scales in an accurate and computationally efficient way. At nano-scales, coherence and hot electrons play a major role. It was found that the overall behaviour of the electron system is dominated by the local density of states and the scattering rate. Electrons leaving the simulated drain region were found to be far from equilibrium.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Materials</journal><volume>13</volume><journalNumber>15</journalNumber><paginationStart>3326</paginationStart><paginationEnd/><publisher>MDPI AG</publisher><placeOfPublication/><isbnPrint/><isbnElectronic/><issnPrint/><issnElectronic>1996-1944</issnElectronic><keywords>silicon nanowires; nano-transistors; quantum transport; hot electrons; self-cooling; nano-cooling; thermoelectricity; heat equation; non-equilibrium Green functions; power dissipation</keywords><publishedDay>26</publishedDay><publishedMonth>7</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2020</publishedYear><publishedDate>2020-07-26</publishedDate><doi>10.3390/ma13153326</doi><url/><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Electronic and Electrical Engineering</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>EEEG</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2021-06-01T09:48:39.4597491</lastEdited><Created>2020-09-03T11:05:40.4987189</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Antonio</firstname><surname>Martinez Muniz</surname><orcid>0000-0001-8131-7242</orcid><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>John</firstname><surname>Barker</surname><order>2</order></author></authors><documents><document><filename>55115__18107__059b705bab5e476295e9f8c9aba4f5d8.pdf</filename><originalFilename>55115.pdf</originalFilename><uploaded>2020-09-03T11:07:25.4934394</uploaded><type>Output</type><contentLength>9990281</contentLength><contentType>application/pdf</contentType><version>Version of Record</version><cronfaStatus>true</cronfaStatus><documentNotes>&#xA9; 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY) License</documentNotes><copyrightCorrect>true</copyrightCorrect><language>eng</language><licence>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</licence></document></documents><OutputDurs/></rfc1807>
spelling 2021-06-01T09:48:39.4597491 v2 55115 2020-09-03 Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation cd433784251add853672979313f838ec 0000-0001-8131-7242 Antonio Martinez Muniz Antonio Martinez Muniz true false 2020-09-03 EEEG A review and perspective is presented of the classical, semi-classical and fully quantum routes to the simulation of electro-thermal phenomena in ultra-scaled silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. It is shown that the physics of ultra-scaled devices requires at least a coupled electron quantum transport semi-classical heat equation model outlined here. The importance of the local density of states (LDOS) is discussed from classical to fully quantum versions. It is shown that the minimal quantum approach requires self-consistency with the Poisson equation and that the electronic LDOS must be determined within at least the self-consistent Born approximation. To bring in this description and to provide the energy resolved local carrier distributions it is necessary to adopt the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) formalism, briefly surveyed here. The NEGF approach describes quantum coherent and dissipative transport, Pauli exclusion and non-equilibrium conditions inside the device. There are two extremes of NEGF used in the community. The most fundamental is based on coupled equations for the Green functions electrons and phonons that are computed at the atomically resolved level within the nanowire channel and into the surrounding device structure using a tight binding Hamiltonian. It has the advantage of treating both the non-equilibrium heat flow within the electron and phonon systems even when the phonon energy distributions are not described by a temperature model. The disadvantage is the grand challenge level of computational complexity. The second approach, that we focus on here, is more useful for fast multiple simulations of devices important for TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design). It retains the fundamental quantum transport model for the electrons but subsumes the description of the energy distribution of the local phonon sub-system statistics into a semi-classical Fourier heat equation that is sourced by the local heat dissipation from the electron system. It is shown that this self-consistent approach retains the salient features of the full-scale approach. For focus, we outline our electro-thermal simulations for a typical narrow Si nanowire gate all-around field-effect transistor. The self-consistent Born approximation is used to describe electron-phonon scattering as the source of heat dissipation to the lattice. We calculated the effect of the device self-heating on the current voltage characteristics. Our fast and simpler methodology closely reproduces the results of a more fundamental compute-intensive calculations in which the phonon system is treated on the same footing as the electron system. We computed the local power dissipation and “local lattice temperature” profiles. We compared the self-heating using hot electron heating and the Joule heating, i.e., assuming the electron system was in local equilibrium with the potential. Our simulations show that at low bias the source region of the device has a tendency to cool down for the case of the hot electron heating but not for the case of Joule heating. Our methodology opens the possibility of studying thermoelectricity at nano-scales in an accurate and computationally efficient way. At nano-scales, coherence and hot electrons play a major role. It was found that the overall behaviour of the electron system is dominated by the local density of states and the scattering rate. Electrons leaving the simulated drain region were found to be far from equilibrium. Journal Article Materials 13 15 3326 MDPI AG 1996-1944 silicon nanowires; nano-transistors; quantum transport; hot electrons; self-cooling; nano-cooling; thermoelectricity; heat equation; non-equilibrium Green functions; power dissipation 26 7 2020 2020-07-26 10.3390/ma13153326 COLLEGE NANME Electronic and Electrical Engineering COLLEGE CODE EEEG Swansea University 2021-06-01T09:48:39.4597491 2020-09-03T11:05:40.4987189 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering Antonio Martinez Muniz 0000-0001-8131-7242 1 John Barker 2 55115__18107__059b705bab5e476295e9f8c9aba4f5d8.pdf 55115.pdf 2020-09-03T11:07:25.4934394 Output 9990281 application/pdf Version of Record true © 2020 Author(s). All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY) License true eng https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation
spellingShingle Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation
Antonio Martinez Muniz
title_short Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation
title_full Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation
title_fullStr Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation
title_full_unstemmed Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation
title_sort Quantum Transport in a Silicon Nanowire FET Transistor: Hot Electrons and Local Power Dissipation
author_id_str_mv cd433784251add853672979313f838ec
author_id_fullname_str_mv cd433784251add853672979313f838ec_***_Antonio Martinez Muniz
author Antonio Martinez Muniz
author2 Antonio Martinez Muniz
John Barker
format Journal article
container_title Materials
container_volume 13
container_issue 15
container_start_page 3326
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 1996-1944
doi_str_mv 10.3390/ma13153326
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Electronic and Electrical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description A review and perspective is presented of the classical, semi-classical and fully quantum routes to the simulation of electro-thermal phenomena in ultra-scaled silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. It is shown that the physics of ultra-scaled devices requires at least a coupled electron quantum transport semi-classical heat equation model outlined here. The importance of the local density of states (LDOS) is discussed from classical to fully quantum versions. It is shown that the minimal quantum approach requires self-consistency with the Poisson equation and that the electronic LDOS must be determined within at least the self-consistent Born approximation. To bring in this description and to provide the energy resolved local carrier distributions it is necessary to adopt the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) formalism, briefly surveyed here. The NEGF approach describes quantum coherent and dissipative transport, Pauli exclusion and non-equilibrium conditions inside the device. There are two extremes of NEGF used in the community. The most fundamental is based on coupled equations for the Green functions electrons and phonons that are computed at the atomically resolved level within the nanowire channel and into the surrounding device structure using a tight binding Hamiltonian. It has the advantage of treating both the non-equilibrium heat flow within the electron and phonon systems even when the phonon energy distributions are not described by a temperature model. The disadvantage is the grand challenge level of computational complexity. The second approach, that we focus on here, is more useful for fast multiple simulations of devices important for TCAD (Technology Computer Aided Design). It retains the fundamental quantum transport model for the electrons but subsumes the description of the energy distribution of the local phonon sub-system statistics into a semi-classical Fourier heat equation that is sourced by the local heat dissipation from the electron system. It is shown that this self-consistent approach retains the salient features of the full-scale approach. For focus, we outline our electro-thermal simulations for a typical narrow Si nanowire gate all-around field-effect transistor. The self-consistent Born approximation is used to describe electron-phonon scattering as the source of heat dissipation to the lattice. We calculated the effect of the device self-heating on the current voltage characteristics. Our fast and simpler methodology closely reproduces the results of a more fundamental compute-intensive calculations in which the phonon system is treated on the same footing as the electron system. We computed the local power dissipation and “local lattice temperature” profiles. We compared the self-heating using hot electron heating and the Joule heating, i.e., assuming the electron system was in local equilibrium with the potential. Our simulations show that at low bias the source region of the device has a tendency to cool down for the case of the hot electron heating but not for the case of Joule heating. Our methodology opens the possibility of studying thermoelectricity at nano-scales in an accurate and computationally efficient way. At nano-scales, coherence and hot electrons play a major role. It was found that the overall behaviour of the electron system is dominated by the local density of states and the scattering rate. Electrons leaving the simulated drain region were found to be far from equilibrium.
published_date 2020-07-26T04:09:06Z
_version_ 1763753639905591296
score 11.037581

Similar Items