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Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China

Xudong Hu, Han Zhang, Hongbo Mei, Dunhui Xiao Orcid Logo, Yuanyuan Li, Mengdi Li

Applied Sciences, Volume: 10, Issue: 11, Start page: 4016

Swansea University Author: Dunhui Xiao Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.3390/app10114016

Abstract

Landslide susceptibility mapping is considered to be a prerequisite for landslide prevention and mitigation. However, delineating the spatial occurrence pattern of the landslide remains a challenge. This study investigates the potential application of the stacking ensemble learning technique for lan...

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Published in: Applied Sciences
ISSN: 2076-3417
Published: MDPI AG 2020
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa54612
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spelling 2022-09-27T16:55:23.5494923 v2 54612 2020-07-03 Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China 62c69b98cbcdc9142622d4f398fdab97 0000-0003-2461-523X Dunhui Xiao Dunhui Xiao true false 2020-07-03 AERO Landslide susceptibility mapping is considered to be a prerequisite for landslide prevention and mitigation. However, delineating the spatial occurrence pattern of the landslide remains a challenge. This study investigates the potential application of the stacking ensemble learning technique for landslide susceptibility assessment. In particular, support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), logical regression (LR), and naive Bayes (NB) were selected as base learners for the stacking ensemble method. The resampling scheme and Pearson’s correlation analysis were jointly used to evaluate the importance level of these base learners. A total of 388 landslides and 12 conditioning factors in the Lushui area (Southwest China) were used as the dataset to develop landslide modeling. The landslides were randomly separated into two parts, with 70% used for model training and 30% used for model validation. The models’ performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and statistical measures. The results showed that the stacking-based ensemble model achieved an improved predictive accuracy as compared to the single algorithms, while the SVM-ANN-NB-LR (SANL) model, the SVM-ANN-NB (SAN) model, and the ANN-NB-LR (ANL) models performed equally well, with AUC values of 0.931, 0.940, and 0.932, respectively, for validation stage. The correlation coefficient between the LR and SVM was the highest for all resampling rounds, with a value of 0.72 on average. This connotes that LR and SVM played an almost equal role when the ensemble of SANL was applied for landslide susceptibility analysis. Therefore, it is feasible to use the SAN model or the ANL model for the study area. The finding from this study suggests that the stacking ensemble machine learning method is promising for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Lushui area and is capable of targeting areas prone to landslides. Journal Article Applied Sciences 10 11 4016 MDPI AG 2076-3417 landslide susceptibility; stacking ensemble learning; Lushui 10 6 2020 2020-06-10 10.3390/app10114016 COLLEGE NANME Aerospace Engineering COLLEGE CODE AERO Swansea University 2022-09-27T16:55:23.5494923 2020-07-03T09:43:56.5090309 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering Xudong Hu 1 Han Zhang 2 Hongbo Mei 3 Dunhui Xiao 0000-0003-2461-523X 4 Yuanyuan Li 5 Mengdi Li 6 54612__17630__436ee910e94543a5932565417b15f16a.pdf 54612.pdf 2020-07-03T09:45:34.1768769 Output 8796061 application/pdf Version of Record true This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). true English https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
title Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China
spellingShingle Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China
Dunhui Xiao
title_short Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China
title_full Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China
title_fullStr Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China
title_full_unstemmed Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China
title_sort Landslide Susceptibility Mapping Using the Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning Method in Lushui, Southwest China
author_id_str_mv 62c69b98cbcdc9142622d4f398fdab97
author_id_fullname_str_mv 62c69b98cbcdc9142622d4f398fdab97_***_Dunhui Xiao
author Dunhui Xiao
author2 Xudong Hu
Han Zhang
Hongbo Mei
Dunhui Xiao
Yuanyuan Li
Mengdi Li
format Journal article
container_title Applied Sciences
container_volume 10
container_issue 11
container_start_page 4016
publishDate 2020
institution Swansea University
issn 2076-3417
doi_str_mv 10.3390/app10114016
publisher MDPI AG
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Aerospace Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description Landslide susceptibility mapping is considered to be a prerequisite for landslide prevention and mitigation. However, delineating the spatial occurrence pattern of the landslide remains a challenge. This study investigates the potential application of the stacking ensemble learning technique for landslide susceptibility assessment. In particular, support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), logical regression (LR), and naive Bayes (NB) were selected as base learners for the stacking ensemble method. The resampling scheme and Pearson’s correlation analysis were jointly used to evaluate the importance level of these base learners. A total of 388 landslides and 12 conditioning factors in the Lushui area (Southwest China) were used as the dataset to develop landslide modeling. The landslides were randomly separated into two parts, with 70% used for model training and 30% used for model validation. The models’ performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) and statistical measures. The results showed that the stacking-based ensemble model achieved an improved predictive accuracy as compared to the single algorithms, while the SVM-ANN-NB-LR (SANL) model, the SVM-ANN-NB (SAN) model, and the ANN-NB-LR (ANL) models performed equally well, with AUC values of 0.931, 0.940, and 0.932, respectively, for validation stage. The correlation coefficient between the LR and SVM was the highest for all resampling rounds, with a value of 0.72 on average. This connotes that LR and SVM played an almost equal role when the ensemble of SANL was applied for landslide susceptibility analysis. Therefore, it is feasible to use the SAN model or the ANL model for the study area. The finding from this study suggests that the stacking ensemble machine learning method is promising for landslide susceptibility mapping in the Lushui area and is capable of targeting areas prone to landslides.
published_date 2020-06-10T04:08:15Z
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score 11.013686

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