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Fouling control in reverse osmosis membranes through modification with conductive carbon nanostructures

Farah Ejaz Ahmed, Raed Hashaikeh, Nidal Hilal

Desalination, Volume: 470, Start page: 114118

Swansea University Author: Nidal Hilal

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DOI (Published version): 10.1016/j.desal.2019.114118

Abstract

A conductive form of networked cellulose, prepared by incorporating carbon nanotubes, has been used in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes for reverse osmosis. The use of networked cellulose and carbon nanostructures (CNS) not only helps control the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the...

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Published in: Desalination
ISSN: 0011-9164
Published: 2019
Online Access: Check full text

URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa51482
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Abstract: A conductive form of networked cellulose, prepared by incorporating carbon nanotubes, has been used in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) membranes for reverse osmosis. The use of networked cellulose and carbon nanostructures (CNS) not only helps control the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of the membrane, but also enhances RO performance and allows the membrane surface to be cleaned electrolytically. High surface area multi-walled CNTs become trapped in the structure of networked cellulose. The modified material has greater tensile strength and elastic modulus, indicating an improvement in the mechanical properties of the membrane. Membranes with CNS demonstrate enhanced electrocatalytic activity when tested for hydrogen evolution in an acidic medium. The membranes are successfully applied to reverse osmosis using a feed of 25000 ppm NaCl, where the membranes with 7 wt. % CNS exhibited a 93% increase in flux compared to PVA-NC with no CNS, due to the nanotubes disrupting the compression of polymer chains under pressure. The membrane surface was recovered after fouling via electrolytic cleaning where the membrane was used as the cathode and a potential of -5V was applied for 20 minutes. All membranes retained a high salt rejection above 99.8%.
Keywords: reverse osmosis, carbon nanotubes, cellulose, electrically conductive membrane
College: Faculty of Science and Engineering
Start Page: 114118

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