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Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Gareth Stratton Orcid Logo

Nature, Volume: 569, Issue: 7755, Pages: 260 - 264

Swansea University Author: Gareth Stratton Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1038/s41586-019-1171-x

Abstract

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 popu...

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Published in: Nature
ISSN: 0028-0836 1476-4687
Published: 2019
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa50148
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spelling 2019-07-17T17:16:11.7987319 v2 50148 2019-04-30 Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01 0000-0001-5618-0803 Gareth Stratton Gareth Stratton true false 2019-04-30 EAAS Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. Journal Article Nature 569 7755 260 264 0028-0836 1476-4687 9 5 2019 2019-05-09 10.1038/s41586-019-1171-x COLLEGE NANME Engineering and Applied Sciences School COLLEGE CODE EAAS Swansea University 2019-07-17T17:16:11.7987319 2019-04-30T14:52:53.4843768 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Aerospace, Civil, Electrical, General and Mechanical Engineering - Sport and Exercise Sciences Gareth Stratton 0000-0001-5618-0803 1 0050148-29052019143500.pdf 50148.pdf 2019-05-29T14:35:00.2970000 Output 34292736 application/pdf Version of Record true 2019-05-28T00:00:00.0000000 Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY). true eng
title Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
spellingShingle Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
Gareth Stratton
title_short Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
title_full Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
title_fullStr Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
title_full_unstemmed Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
title_sort Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults
author_id_str_mv 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01
author_id_fullname_str_mv 6d62b2ed126961bed81a94a2beba8a01_***_Gareth Stratton
author Gareth Stratton
author2 Gareth Stratton
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publishDate 2019
institution Swansea University
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doi_str_mv 10.1038/s41586-019-1171-x
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description Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities1,2. This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity3,4,5,6. Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55% of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017—and more than 80% in some low- and middle-income regions—was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing—and in some countries reversal—of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories.
published_date 2019-05-09T01:57:44Z
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