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Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress

Sebastian Pont, Fabrizia Foglia, Anthony Higgins Orcid Logo, James Durrant Orcid Logo, João T. Cabral

Advanced Functional Materials, Volume: 28, Issue: 40

Swansea University Authors: Anthony Higgins Orcid Logo, James Durrant Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1002/adfm.201802520

Abstract

The combined effects of illumination and thermal annealing on the morphological stability and photodimerization in polymer/fullerene thin films are examined. While illumination is known to cause fullerene dimerization and thermal stress their dedimerization, the operation of solar cells involves exp...

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Published in: Advanced Functional Materials
ISSN: 1616-301X
Published: 2018
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa41025
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last_indexed 2021-01-15T04:03:37Z
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spelling 2021-01-14T13:15:25.4961290 v2 41025 2018-07-16 Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress 4db715667aa7bdc04e87b3ab696d206a 0000-0003-2804-8164 Anthony Higgins Anthony Higgins true false f3dd64bc260e5c07adfa916c27dbd58a 0000-0001-8353-7345 James Durrant James Durrant true false 2018-07-16 MEDE The combined effects of illumination and thermal annealing on the morphological stability and photodimerization in polymer/fullerene thin films are examined. While illumination is known to cause fullerene dimerization and thermal stress their dedimerization, the operation of solar cells involves exposure to both. The competitive outcome of these factors with blends of phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and polystyrene (PS), supported on PEDOT:PSS is quantified. UV–vis spectroscopy is employed to quantify dimerization, time‐resolved neutron reflectivity to resolve the vertical composition stratification, and atomic force microscopy for demixing and coarsening in thin films. At the conventional thermal stress test temperature of 85 °C (and even up to the PS glass transition), photodimerization dominates, resulting in relative morphological stability. Prior illumination is found to result in improved stability upon high temperature annealing, compatible with the need for dedimerization to occur prior to structural relaxation. Modeling of the PCBM surface segregation data suggests that only PCBM monomers are able to diffuse and that illumination provides an effective means to control dimer population, and thus immobile fullerene fraction, in the timescales probed. The results provide a framework for understanding of the stability of organic solar cells under operating conditions. Journal Article Advanced Functional Materials 28 40 1616-301X fullerenes, photochemistry, photovoltaic devices, polymeric materials, solar cells 4 10 2018 2018-10-04 10.1002/adfm.201802520 COLLEGE NANME Biomedical Engineering COLLEGE CODE MEDE Swansea University Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC, UK, EP/L016702/1) and Solvay 2021-01-14T13:15:25.4961290 2018-07-16T09:05:43.2254957 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering Sebastian Pont 1 Fabrizia Foglia 2 Anthony Higgins 0000-0003-2804-8164 3 James Durrant 0000-0001-8353-7345 4 João T. Cabral 5 0041025-09102018132129.pdf pont2018(4).pdf 2018-10-09T13:21:29.2970000 Output 3767982 application/pdf Version of Record true Released under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). true eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 26 true 10.5281/zenodo.1300949 true
title Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress
spellingShingle Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress
Anthony Higgins
James Durrant
title_short Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress
title_full Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress
title_fullStr Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress
title_full_unstemmed Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress
title_sort Stability of Polymer:PCBM Thin Films under Competitive Illumination and Thermal Stress
author_id_str_mv 4db715667aa7bdc04e87b3ab696d206a
f3dd64bc260e5c07adfa916c27dbd58a
author_id_fullname_str_mv 4db715667aa7bdc04e87b3ab696d206a_***_Anthony Higgins
f3dd64bc260e5c07adfa916c27dbd58a_***_James Durrant
author Anthony Higgins
James Durrant
author2 Sebastian Pont
Fabrizia Foglia
Anthony Higgins
James Durrant
João T. Cabral
format Journal article
container_title Advanced Functional Materials
container_volume 28
container_issue 40
publishDate 2018
institution Swansea University
issn 1616-301X
doi_str_mv 10.1002/adfm.201802520
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Engineering and Applied Sciences - Biomedical Engineering
document_store_str 1
active_str 0
description The combined effects of illumination and thermal annealing on the morphological stability and photodimerization in polymer/fullerene thin films are examined. While illumination is known to cause fullerene dimerization and thermal stress their dedimerization, the operation of solar cells involves exposure to both. The competitive outcome of these factors with blends of phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and polystyrene (PS), supported on PEDOT:PSS is quantified. UV–vis spectroscopy is employed to quantify dimerization, time‐resolved neutron reflectivity to resolve the vertical composition stratification, and atomic force microscopy for demixing and coarsening in thin films. At the conventional thermal stress test temperature of 85 °C (and even up to the PS glass transition), photodimerization dominates, resulting in relative morphological stability. Prior illumination is found to result in improved stability upon high temperature annealing, compatible with the need for dedimerization to occur prior to structural relaxation. Modeling of the PCBM surface segregation data suggests that only PCBM monomers are able to diffuse and that illumination provides an effective means to control dimer population, and thus immobile fullerene fraction, in the timescales probed. The results provide a framework for understanding of the stability of organic solar cells under operating conditions.
published_date 2018-10-04T03:52:17Z
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score 11.013148

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