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A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level

Mary I. O'Connor, Andrew Gonzalez, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Bradley J. Cardinale, J. Emmett Duffy, Lars Gamfeldt, John Griffin Orcid Logo, David Hooper, Bruce A. Hungate, Alain Paquette, Patrick L. Thompson, Laura E. Dee, Kristin L. Dolan

Oikos, Volume: 126, Issue: 1, Pages: 18 - 31

Swansea University Author: John Griffin Orcid Logo

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DOI (Published version): 10.1111/oik.03652

Abstract

Species diversity affects the functioning of ecosystems, including the efficiency by which communities capture limited resources, produce biomass, recycle and retain biologically essential nutrients. These ecological functions ultimately support the ecosystem services upon which humanity depends. De...

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Published in: Oikos
ISSN: 00301299
Published: 2017
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URI: https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa31872
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last_indexed 2018-02-09T05:19:12Z
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Despite hundreds of experimental tests of the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem function (BEF), it remains unclear whether diversity effects are sufficiently general that we can use a single relationship to quantitatively predict how changes in species richness alter an ecosystem function across trophic levels, ecosystems and ecological conditions. Our objective here is to determine whether a general relationship exists between biodiversity and standing biomass. We used hierarchical mixed effects models, based on a power function between species richness and biomass production (Y = a &#xD7; Sb), and a database of 374 published experiments to estimate the BEF relationship (the change in biomass with the addition of species), and its associated uncertainty, in the context of environmental factors. We found that the mean relationship (b = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.37) characterized the vast majority of observations, was robust to differences in experimental design, and was independent of the range of species richness levels considered. However, the richness&#x2013;biomass relationship varied by trophic level and among ecosystems; in aquatic systems b was nearly twice as large for consumers (herbivores and detritivores) compared to primary producers; in terrestrial ecosystems, b for detritivores was negative but depended on few studies. We estimated changes in biomass expected for a range of changes in species richness, highlighting that species loss has greater implications than species gains, skewing a distribution of biomass change relative to observed species richness change. When biomass provides a good proxy for processes that underpin ecosystem services, this relationship could be used as a step in modeling the production of ecosystem services and their dependence on biodiversity.</abstract><type>Journal Article</type><journal>Oikos</journal><volume>126</volume><journalNumber>1</journalNumber><paginationStart>18</paginationStart><paginationEnd>31</paginationEnd><publisher/><issnPrint>00301299</issnPrint><keywords/><publishedDay>3</publishedDay><publishedMonth>1</publishedMonth><publishedYear>2017</publishedYear><publishedDate>2017-01-03</publishedDate><doi>10.1111/oik.03652</doi><url>http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.03652/full</url><notes/><college>COLLEGE NANME</college><department>Biosciences Geography and Physics School</department><CollegeCode>COLLEGE CODE</CollegeCode><DepartmentCode>BGPS</DepartmentCode><institution>Swansea University</institution><apcterm/><lastEdited>2017-10-26T20:57:27.6014547</lastEdited><Created>2017-02-06T13:29:04.7474185</Created><path><level id="1">Faculty of Science and Engineering</level><level id="2">School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences</level></path><authors><author><firstname>Mary I.</firstname><surname>O'Connor</surname><order>1</order></author><author><firstname>Andrew</firstname><surname>Gonzalez</surname><order>2</order></author><author><firstname>Jarrett E. K.</firstname><surname>Byrnes</surname><order>3</order></author><author><firstname>Bradley J.</firstname><surname>Cardinale</surname><order>4</order></author><author><firstname>J. 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spelling 2017-10-26T20:57:27.6014547 v2 31872 2017-02-06 A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level 9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f 0000-0003-3295-6480 John Griffin John Griffin true false 2017-02-06 BGPS Species diversity affects the functioning of ecosystems, including the efficiency by which communities capture limited resources, produce biomass, recycle and retain biologically essential nutrients. These ecological functions ultimately support the ecosystem services upon which humanity depends. Despite hundreds of experimental tests of the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem function (BEF), it remains unclear whether diversity effects are sufficiently general that we can use a single relationship to quantitatively predict how changes in species richness alter an ecosystem function across trophic levels, ecosystems and ecological conditions. Our objective here is to determine whether a general relationship exists between biodiversity and standing biomass. We used hierarchical mixed effects models, based on a power function between species richness and biomass production (Y = a × Sb), and a database of 374 published experiments to estimate the BEF relationship (the change in biomass with the addition of species), and its associated uncertainty, in the context of environmental factors. We found that the mean relationship (b = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.37) characterized the vast majority of observations, was robust to differences in experimental design, and was independent of the range of species richness levels considered. However, the richness–biomass relationship varied by trophic level and among ecosystems; in aquatic systems b was nearly twice as large for consumers (herbivores and detritivores) compared to primary producers; in terrestrial ecosystems, b for detritivores was negative but depended on few studies. We estimated changes in biomass expected for a range of changes in species richness, highlighting that species loss has greater implications than species gains, skewing a distribution of biomass change relative to observed species richness change. When biomass provides a good proxy for processes that underpin ecosystem services, this relationship could be used as a step in modeling the production of ecosystem services and their dependence on biodiversity. Journal Article Oikos 126 1 18 31 00301299 3 1 2017 2017-01-03 10.1111/oik.03652 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.03652/full COLLEGE NANME Biosciences Geography and Physics School COLLEGE CODE BGPS Swansea University 2017-10-26T20:57:27.6014547 2017-02-06T13:29:04.7474185 Faculty of Science and Engineering School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences Mary I. O'Connor 1 Andrew Gonzalez 2 Jarrett E. K. Byrnes 3 Bradley J. Cardinale 4 J. Emmett Duffy 5 Lars Gamfeldt 6 John Griffin 0000-0003-3295-6480 7 David Hooper 8 Bruce A. Hungate 9 Alain Paquette 10 Patrick L. Thompson 11 Laura E. Dee 12 Kristin L. Dolan 13 0031872-26102017205649.pdf OConnor_et_al.pdf 2017-10-26T20:56:49.1770000 Output 3898572 application/pdf Accepted Manuscript true 2017-10-26T00:00:00.0000000 true eng
title A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level
spellingShingle A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level
John Griffin
title_short A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level
title_full A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level
title_fullStr A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level
title_full_unstemmed A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level
title_sort A general biodiversity-function relationship is mediated by trophic level
author_id_str_mv 9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f
author_id_fullname_str_mv 9814fbffa76dd9c9a207166354cd0b2f_***_John Griffin
author John Griffin
author2 Mary I. O'Connor
Andrew Gonzalez
Jarrett E. K. Byrnes
Bradley J. Cardinale
J. Emmett Duffy
Lars Gamfeldt
John Griffin
David Hooper
Bruce A. Hungate
Alain Paquette
Patrick L. Thompson
Laura E. Dee
Kristin L. Dolan
format Journal article
container_title Oikos
container_volume 126
container_issue 1
container_start_page 18
publishDate 2017
institution Swansea University
issn 00301299
doi_str_mv 10.1111/oik.03652
college_str Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchytype
hierarchy_top_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_top_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
hierarchy_parent_id facultyofscienceandengineering
hierarchy_parent_title Faculty of Science and Engineering
department_str School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences{{{_:::_}}}Faculty of Science and Engineering{{{_:::_}}}School of Biosciences, Geography and Physics - Biosciences
url http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oik.03652/full
document_store_str 1
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description Species diversity affects the functioning of ecosystems, including the efficiency by which communities capture limited resources, produce biomass, recycle and retain biologically essential nutrients. These ecological functions ultimately support the ecosystem services upon which humanity depends. Despite hundreds of experimental tests of the effect of biodiversity on ecosystem function (BEF), it remains unclear whether diversity effects are sufficiently general that we can use a single relationship to quantitatively predict how changes in species richness alter an ecosystem function across trophic levels, ecosystems and ecological conditions. Our objective here is to determine whether a general relationship exists between biodiversity and standing biomass. We used hierarchical mixed effects models, based on a power function between species richness and biomass production (Y = a × Sb), and a database of 374 published experiments to estimate the BEF relationship (the change in biomass with the addition of species), and its associated uncertainty, in the context of environmental factors. We found that the mean relationship (b = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.16, 0.37) characterized the vast majority of observations, was robust to differences in experimental design, and was independent of the range of species richness levels considered. However, the richness–biomass relationship varied by trophic level and among ecosystems; in aquatic systems b was nearly twice as large for consumers (herbivores and detritivores) compared to primary producers; in terrestrial ecosystems, b for detritivores was negative but depended on few studies. We estimated changes in biomass expected for a range of changes in species richness, highlighting that species loss has greater implications than species gains, skewing a distribution of biomass change relative to observed species richness change. When biomass provides a good proxy for processes that underpin ecosystem services, this relationship could be used as a step in modeling the production of ecosystem services and their dependence on biodiversity.
published_date 2017-01-03T07:01:30Z
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